Table 3.
Crude Incidence rate as well as crude and adjusteda and hazard ratios for any and specific cardiovascular events, acute hospitalization and all-cause death associated with different anemia grades among dialysis dependent patients
| N | No. of events | Follow-up time, years | Crude incidence rate per 100 person-years (95% CI) | Crude hazard ratio (95% CI) | Adjusted hazard ratio (95% CI)a | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Acute hospitalization | ||||||
| No anemia | 199 | 155 | 551 | 28.1 (23.9–32.9) | (ref) | (ref) |
| Anemia grade 1 | 584 | 517 | 924 | 56.0 (51.3–61.0) | 1.68 (1.44–1.95) | 1.09 (0.92–1.29) |
| Anemia grade 2 | 720 | 662 | 735 | 90.0 (83.3–97.2) | 2.37 (2.02–2.78) | 1.21 (0.99–1.47) |
| Anemia grade 3+ | 434 | 371 | 304 | 121.9 (109.8–135.0) | 2.99 (2.47–3.61) | 1.51 (1.20–1.90) |
| All-cause death | ||||||
| No anemia | 239 | 86 | 1300 | 6.6 (5.3–8.2) | (ref) | (ref) |
| Anemia grade 1 | 725 | 390 | 3293 | 11.8 (10.7–13.1) | 1.73 (1.42–2.11) | 1.29 (1.05–1.58) |
| Anemia grade 2 | 1326 | 770 | 4476 | 17.2 (16.0–18.5) | 2.36 (1.92–2.91) | 1.52 (1.22–1.91) |
| Anemia grade 3+ | 1304 | 712 | 3060 | 23.3 (21.6–25.0) | 2.95 (2.37–3.68) | 1.91 (1.50–2.43) |
| Cardiovascular events | ||||||
| No anemia | 239 | 49 | 1217 | 4.0 (3.0–5.3) | (ref) | (ref) |
| Anemia grade 1 | 725 | 183 | 2928 | 6.2 (5.4–7.2) | 1.43 (1.09–1.88) | 1.03 (0.78–1.37) |
| Anemia grade 2 | 1326 | 361 | 3873 | 9.3 (8.4–10.3) | 1.92 (1.44–2.54) | 1.16 (0.86–1.57) |
| Anemia grade 3+ | 1304 | 280 | 2682 | 10.4 (9.3–11.7) | 1.92 (1.43–2.59) | 1.16 (0.84–1.61) |
| Myocardial infarction | ||||||
| No anemia | 239 | 11 | 1283 | 0.9 (0.4–1.5) | (ref) | (ref) |
| Anemia grade 1 | 725 | 64 | 3196 | 2.0 (1.5–2.6) | 2.22 (1.24–3.96) | 1.15 (0.62–2.16) |
| Anemia grade 2 | 1326 | 102 | 4329 | 2.4 (1.9–2.9) | 2.40 (1.30–4.41) | 1.03 (0.52–2.03) |
| Anemia grade 3+ | 1304 | 67 | 2970 | 2.3 (1.7–2.9) | 2.06 (1.08–3.95) | 0.91 (0.44–1.90) |
| Stroke | ||||||
| No anemia | 239 | 19 | 1264 | 1.5 (0.9–2.3) | (ref) | (ref) |
| Anemia grade 1 | 725 | 63 | 3153 | 2.0 (1.5–2.6) | 1.26 (0.82–1.95) | 0.90 (0.59–1.37) |
| Anemia grade 2 | 1326 | 122 | 4261 | 2.9 (2.4–3.4) | 1.68 (1.08–2.61) | 1.06 (0.68–1.65) |
| Anemia grade 3+ | 1304 | 88 | 2935 | 3.0 (2.4–3.7) | 1.62 (1.01–2.59) | 1.04 (0.63–1.71) |
| Heart failure | ||||||
| No anemia | 239 | 27 | 1262 | 2.1 (1.4–3.1) | (ref) | (ref) |
| Anemia grade 1 | 725 | 98 | 3118 | 3.1 (2.6–3.8) | 1.37 (0.95–1.97) | 1.17 (0.80–1.71) |
| Anemia grade 2 | 1326 | 208 | 4175 | 5.0 (4.3–5.7) | 1.97 (1.34–2.89) | 1.45 (0.96–2.19) |
| Anemia grade 3+ | 1304 | 167 | 2879 | 5.8 (5.0–6.7) | 2.05 (1.37–3.07) | 1.53 (0.98–2.40) |
| Unstable angina pectoris | ||||||
| No anemiab | 239 | 1 | 1299 | 0.1 (0.0–0.4) | – | – |
| Anemia grade 1 | 725 | 16 | 3242 | 0.5 (0.3–0.8) | (ref) | (ref) |
| Anemia grade 2 | 1326 | 27 | 4396 | 0.6 (0.4–0.9) | 1.11 (0.73–1.68) | 0.87 (0.55–1.38) |
| Anemia grade 3+ | 1304 | 17 | 3013 | 0.6 (0.3–0.9) | 0.91 (0.50–1.66) | 0.69 (0.35–1.36) |
aAdjusted for age, gender, marital status, history of CVD, alcohol dependency, other comorbidities, recent acute hospitalizations, eGFR level and CKD duration
bDue to low number of events in the no anemia group the Anemia grade 1 group is used as reference