Table 1.
Alcohol cue reactivity intervention studies
| First author | Year | N1 | Age ± SD | % male | Cue type2 | Intervention | Design | WB threshold3 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hermann | 2006 | 10 AA, 10 HC | 39b | 100 | Visual | 400 mg amisulpride | Amisulpride < no medication | puncorr < 0.001 |
| Vollstädt-Klein | 2011 | 30 AA | 46.5b | 63 | Visual | CET | Pre > post-treatment | puncorr < 0.001 |
| Lukas | 2013 | 28 AA | 48.36b | 75 | Visual and olfactory | 380 mg XR-NTX | Pre−post, XR-NTX > placebo | pFWE < 0.05 |
| Herremans | 2015 | 23 AAa | 45.2 ± 9.3c | 65 | Visual | Active HF-rTMS | Pre > post-treatmenta | pcorr < 0.005 |
| Kiefer | 2015 | 32 DT | 44.94 ± 9.54 | 65.5 | Visual | CETd | Pre > post-treatment | puncorr < 0.001 |
| Wiers | 2015 | 32 AA | 43.93b | 100 | Visual | Bias Modification | Pre−post, bias modification > sham | puncorr < 0.005 |
| Kirsch | 2016 | 38 HD | 24.11 | 76 | Visual | rtfMRI NF | rFB > control | pcorr < 0.005 |
| Beck | 2018 | 23 AA | 46.17 ± 6.15 | 70 | Visual | 138 mg/day baclofene | Baclofen pre > post versus placebo pre > post | puncorr < 0.001 |
| Holla | 2018 | 33 TS | 36.23b,c | 100 | Visual | 57.6 mg/day baclofene | Interaction treatment × time (baclofen − control) | puncorr < 0.001, k = 53d |
| Bach | 2019 | 35 AA | 45.85b | 100 | Visual | IWT + NTXf | Interaction treatment x time (IWT + NTX > IWT) | puncorr < 0.001, k = 33g |
AA = abstinent alcohol-dependent; HC = healthy; DT = detoxified; HD = heavy drinking; TS = treatment seeking alcohol-dependent; XR-NTX = once-monthly extended-release Naltrexone; CET = cue-exposure based extinction training; DCS = D-cycloserine; rtfMRI NF = real-time fMRI neurofeedback; rFB = real feedback; HF-rTMS = high-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation; IWT = intensive withdrawal treatment; NTX = naltrexone
1Including only subjects with useable fMRI data; 2used in-scanner; 3WB = whole brain (Subscripts indicate correction: corr = corrected, FWE = family-wise error corrected, uncorr = uncorrected, CC = cluster corrected)
a13 of these 23 underwent a separate intervention with a single active session and were therefore analyzed as an additional study
bCalculated as weighted means, SD not reported; cprovided only for initial group before drop out/exclusion; dN = 16 received 50 mg D-cycloserine and N = 16 received placebo prior to CET treatments; emean dose; fdose not given; gMonte Carlo simulations to satisfy pFWE < 0.05