Fig. 3.

(A–C) The viscosity of E. coli suspensions as a function of shear rate, $\eta \left(\stackrel{\cdot }{\gamma }\right)$, at gap sizes $H=240$, 500, and $730\hspace{0.17em}\mathrm{\mu }\text{m}$ for $\varphi =0.2\%$ (A), $0.4\%$ (B), and $0.75\%$ (C). (D) The measured viscosity at $\stackrel{\cdot }{\gamma }\approx 0.04\hspace{0.17em}{\text{s}}^{-1}$ for three bacterial concentrations (symbols) compared to the predictions (color-matched) of ALCT (lines) using parameters from ref. 18 and a cell volume ${\mathcal{V}}_{\mathcal{B}}=1.4\hspace{0.17em}\mathrm{\mu }{\text{m}}^3$ (34) and buffer viscosity ${\eta }_0=0.90\hspace{0.17em}\mathrm{c}\mathrm{P}$.