Table 2.
Baseline Characteristics of the APEP Participants (n = 190)
| Variable | Control Group (n = 95) | Intervention Group (n = 95) |
|---|---|---|
| N (%) | N (%) | |
| Female | 39 (41%) | 61 (64%) |
| Smoke | ||
| Never | 57 (60%) | 55 (58%) |
| Former | 26 (27%) | 26 (27%) |
| Current | 12 (13%) | 14 (15%) |
| Marital Status | ||
| single | 21 (22%) | 17 (18%) |
| partner | 33 (35%) | 30 (32%) |
| widowed | 41 (43%) | 48 (51%) |
| Alcohol | ||
| Never/Former | 74 (78%) | 73 (77%) |
| Current | 21 (22%) | 22 (23%) |
| SHARE F-I category | ||
| Not Frail | 3 (3%) | 7 (7%) |
| Pre-frail | 18 (20%) | 14 (15%) |
| Frail | 74 (77%) | 74 (78%) |
| No of falls | ||
| none | 50 (53%) | 49 (52%) |
| 1–2 | 31 (32%) | 34 (36%) |
| > 2 | 14 (14%) | 12 (13%) |
| IND | ||
| Independent Walking | 10 (11%) | 14 (15%) |
| Not Independently Walking | 84 (89%) | 81 (85%) |
| Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | |
| Age | 81.7 (7.3) | 79.7 (7.5) |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 26.8 (6.8) | 26.3 (6.5) |
| No. of medications | 6.9 (3.87) | 7.2 (3.9) |
| CIRS-G | 10 (3.9) | 10.3 (4) |
| VAS SR Health | 52.9 (18.9) | 56.5 (18.7) |
| FacA | 3.49 (0.77) | 3.59 (0.9) |
| Median (IQR) | Median (IQR) | |
| 6CIT Score | 6 (2–16) | 8 (2–18) |
| FES-I | 3.7 (2.8–4.6) | 3.8 (2.7–4.6) |
| Walking Speed (m/s) | 11.3 (7.4–17.2) | 10 (7.6–14.9) |
| SPPB score | 3 (2–4) | 3 (2–5) |
| PreN-EADL | 6 (0–11) | 7 (0–13) |
| N-EADL | 2 (0–4) | 1 (0–4) |
Abbreviations and possible score ranges: CIRS-G: Cumulative Illness Rating Scale-Geriatrics [higher score reflects greater impairment in several systems, range 0–56]; 6CIT: 6-Item Cognitive Impairment Test [a higher score reflects a higher cognitive impairment, range 0–28]; SHARE FI: Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe Frailty Index [a higher score reflects a higher level of frailty, range − 2.55 to 6.505]; FES-I: Falls Efficacy Scale-International [a higher score reflects a greater concern about falling, range 0–64]; SPPB: Short Physical Performance Battery [a higher score reflects a better physical performance, range 0–12]; IND: ability to walk independently on level surfaces. PreN-EADL: Premorbid Nottingham Extended Activities of Daily Living [a higher score reflects a better level of independence, range 0–22]; N-EADL: Nottingham Extended Activities of Daily Living on Admission [a higher score reflects a better level of independence, range 0–22]; VAS SR Health (EQ 5D5L): Visual Analogue Scale EuroQol 5-Domain 5-Level, [range 1–100]; FacA: Functional Ambulatory Classification on Admission [a higher score reflects a better level of ambulation, range 0–6]