Table 2.
Ambient ultraviolet radiation exposure and incidence of herpes zoster in three prospective cohorts
| HPFS |
NHS |
NHS II |
|||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cases | Person-years | Multivariable adjusted HR (95% CI) | Cases | Person-years | Multivariable adjusted HR (95% CI) | Cases | Person-years | Multivariable adjusted HR (95% CI) | |
| Ambient UVR | |||||||||
| Quintile 1 | 541 | 110,729 | Reference | 2277 | 222,019 | Reference | 1964 | 402,358 | Reference |
| Quintile 2 | 606 | 111,760 | 1.09 (0.97, 1.23) | 2237 | 221,006 | 0.99 (0.93, 1.05) | 2087 | 404,443 | 1.05 (0.99, 1.12) |
| Quintile 3 | 598 | 112,670 | 1.09 (0.97, 1.22) | 2325 | 226,402 | 1.01 (0.95, 1.07) | 2027 | 402,495 | 1.03 (0.95, 1.09) |
| Quintile 4 | 611 | 109,433 | 1.13 (1.01, 1.27) | 2279 | 225,281 | 0.99 (0.93, 1.05) | 2025 | 395,342 | 1.04 (0.98, 1.11) |
| Quintile 5 | 621 | 106,772 | 1.14 (1.02, 1.29) | 2196 | 211,809 | 0.99 (0.93, 1.05) | 1807 | 363,612 | 0.96 (0.90, 1.03) |
| p for trend | .03 | .83 | .04 | ||||||
Adjusted for age, cancer, rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, inflammatory bowel disease, chronic kidney disease, diabetes mellitus, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases, depression, use of corticosteroids, smoking, BMI, waist circumference, physical activity, alternate Mediterranean diet score, sleep, analgesics (ibuprofen, acetaminophen, and aspirin), and elevated cholesterol. Additionally, parity, oral contraceptives, and hormone therapy were adjusted in the multivariable model among women in NHS and NHS II.
Abbreviations: UVR, ultraviolet radiation; HPFS, Health Professionals Follow-up Study; NHS, Nurses’ Health Study; NHS II, Nurses’ Health Study II; HR, hazard ratio; CI, confidence interval.