Antitumor effect of VERU-111 in orthotopic MDA-MB-231 xenografts. For all comparisons, one-way ANOVA was performed followed by Dunnett’s multiple comparisons testing and all p-values are relative to the vehicle control group at experimental endpoint. (A) The mean percent increase ± SEM in tumor volume relative to initial tumor volume when drug treatment began (tumors ~100 mm3) following dosing with 5, 10, or 12.5 mg/kg VERU-111 (5 times/week, PO) or 12.5 mg/kg paclitaxel (every other day, IP). (B) Mean percent change in mouse body weight ± SEM relative to body weight at the time of initiating drug treatment. Dashed lines indicate weight relative to the baseline (y axis = 0) and 20% weight gain. (A-B) Time is expressed as days post-injection of MDA-MB-231 cells to the mammary fat pad. (C-D) Scatter plots of final tumor volume ± SEM of excised tumors measured ex vivo with calipers (C) and final tumor weight wet (D); the mean is indicated above each treatment group. (E) Images representative of tumors for each cohort’s mean final tumor volume and wet weight.