Table 2.

Risk of psoriasis, psoriatic arthritis and atopic dermatitis according to quintiles of gluten intake in Nurses’ Health Study 2

	Person-years	# of cases	Age-adjusted HR (95% CI)	MV-adjusted HR-1 (95% CI)†	MV-adjusted HR- 2 (95% CI)‡	MV-adjusted HR- 3 (95% CI)*
Psoriasis
Q1	401,723	289	1 [reference]	1 [reference]	1 [reference]	--
Q2	403,689	282	0.97 (0.82, 1.14)	0.96 (0.81, 1.13)	0.96 (0.81, 1.13)	--
Q3	403,163	301	1.04 (0.88, 1.22)	1.03 (0.87, 1.21)	1.03 (0.87, 1.21)	--
Q4	403,457	250	0.88 (0.74, 1.04)	0.89 (0.75, 1.06)	0.90 (0.75, 1.06)	--
Q5	402,473	310	1.09 (0.93, 1.28)	1.15 (0.98, 1.36)	1.16 (0.99, 1.37)	--
		P for trend	0.43	0.11	0.09	--
Psoriatic Arthritis
Q1	404,950	62	1 [reference]	1 [reference]	1 [reference]	--
Q2	406,978	50	0.81 (0.55, 1.17)	0.82 (0.56, 1.19)	0.82 (0.56, 1.19)	--
Q3	406,043	48	0.77 (0.53, 1.13)	0.82 (0.56-1.20)	0.83 (0.56, 1.21)	--
Q4	406,618	45	0.75 (0.51, 1.11)	0.83 (0.56-1.22)	0.83 (0.57-1.23)	--
Q5	405,664	57	0.94 (0.66, 1.35)	1.12 (0.78-1.62)	1.14 (0.79, 1.65)	--
		P for trend	0.89	0.39	0.36	--
Atopic dermatitis
Q1	226,110	83	1 [reference]	1 [reference]	1 [reference]	1 [reference]
Q2	226,423	86	1.03 (0.76, 1.39)	1.04 (0.77, 1.41)	1.04 (0.77 1.41)	1.05 (0.78, 1.42)
Q3	226,519	75	0.89 (0.65, 1.22)	0.91 (0.66, 1.24)	0.91 (0.66, 1.25)	0.92 (0.67, 1.25)
Q4	226,054	86	1.03 (0.76, 1.39)	1.06 (0.78, 1.44)	1.06 (0.78, 1.44)	1.07 (0.79, 1.45)
Q5	225,704	73	0.87 (0.64, 1.19)	0.91 (0.66, 1.25)	0.91 (0.66, 1.26)	0.92 (0.67, 1.27)
		P for trend	0.36	0.54	0.55	0.58

HR, Hazard ratio; MV, multivariable

^†Adjusted for age, race, BMI, smoking, alcohol intake, calorie consumption, exercise (METs)

^‡Adjusted for age, race, BMI, smoking, alcohol intake, calorie consumption, exercise (METs), cardiovascular disease, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, diabetes

^*Adjusted for age, race, BMI, smoking, alcohol intake, calorie consumption, exercise (METs), cardiovascular disease, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, diabetes, asthma