Table 3.
Descriptive and bivariate analyses to reveal the parental and societal determinants of anemia and their association with the prevalence of anemia among adolescent girls.
| Variables | Category | Nonanemic | Anemic | Total | Chi-square | p value | OR |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number (%) | Number (%) | Number (%) | |||||
| Father's education | Zero | 38 (48.7) | 40 (51.3) | 78 (12.5) | 15.10 | 0.004 | Reference |
| 1 to 5 | 37 (47.4) | 41 (52.6) | 78 (12.5) | 1.05 | |||
| 6 to 8 | 45 (46.4) | 52 (51.3) | 97 (15.5) | 1.10 | |||
| 9 to 12 | 143 (50.4) | 141 (49.6) | 284 (45.4) | 0.94 | |||
| 12+ | 63 (70.8) | 26 (29.2) | 89 (14.2) | 0.39 | |||
|
| |||||||
| Mother's education | Zero | 89 (45.9) | 105 (54.1) | 194 (31.0) | 13.43 | 0.009 | Reference |
| 1 to 5 | 43 (47.3) | 48 (52.7) | 91 (14.5) | 0.95 | |||
| 6 to 8 | 57 (60.0) | 38 (40.0) | 95 (15.2) | 0.57 | |||
| 9 to 12 | 93 (51.1) | 89 (48.9) | 182 (29.1) | 0.81 | |||
| 12+ | 44 (68.7) | 20 (31.3) | 64 (10.2) | 0.39 | |||
|
| |||||||
| Father's monthly income | No income | 33 (43.4) | 43 (56.6) | 76 (12.1) | 19.84 | 0.001 | Reference |
| Up to 20000 | 88 (44.0) | 112 (56.0) | 200 (31.9) | 0.98 | |||
| 20001 to 50000 | 138 (55.9) | 109 (44.1) | 247 (39.5) | 0.61 | |||
| 50001 to 100000 | 50 (60.2) | 33 (39.8) | 83 (13.3) | 0.46 | |||
| 100000+ | 17 (85.0) | 3 (15.0) | 20 (3.2) | 0.14 | |||
|
| |||||||
| Mother's monthly income | No income | 254 (50.3) | 251 (49.7) | 505 (80.3) | 15.94 | 0.003 | Reference |
| Up to 10000 | 22 (46.8) | 25 (53.2) | 47 (7.5) | 1.15 | |||
| 10001 to 20000 | 11 (45.8) | 13 (54.2) | 24 (3.8) | 1.20 | |||
| 20001 to 50000 | 29 (74.4) | 10 (25.6) | 39 (6.2) | 0.35 | |||
| 50000+ | 10 (90.9) | 1 (9.1) | 11 (1.8) | 0.10 | |||
|
| |||||||
| Family monthly income | Up to 20000 | 69 (39.9) | 104 (60.1) | 173 (27.6) | 28.27 | <0.0001 | Reference |
| 20001 to 50000 | 125 (49.4) | 128 (50.6) | 253 (40.4) | 0.68 | |||
| 50001 to 100000 | 95 (63.3) | 55 (36.7) | 150 (24.0) | 0.38 | |||
| 100000+ | 37 (74.0) | 13 (26.0) | 50 (8.0) | 0.23 | |||
|
| |||||||
| Father's profession | Government service | 132 (57.1) | 99 (42.9) | 231 (36.9) | 18.52 | 0.001 | Reference |
| Private service | 58 (40.6) | 85 (59.4) | 143 (22.8) | 1.95 | |||
| Businessman | 64 (57.7) | 47 (4.3) | 111 (17.7) | 0.95 | |||
| Skilled laborer | 32 (66.7) | 16 (33.3) | 48 (7.7) | 0.47 | |||
| Others | 40 (43.0) | 53 (57.0) | 93 (14.9) | 1.77 | |||
|
| |||||||
| Mother's profession | House wife | 246 (50.2) | 244 (49.8) | 490 (78.3) | 18.45 | 0.001 | 3.19 |
| Government service | 45 (76.3) | 14 (23.7) | 59 (9.4) | Reference | |||
| Private service | 8 (44.4) | 10 (55.6) | 18 (2.9) | 4.02 | |||
| Self employed | 13 (37.1) | 22 (62.9) | 35 (5.6) | 5.44 | |||
| Others | 14 (58.3) | 10 (41.7) | 24 (3.8) | 2.33 | |||
|
| |||||||
| Family size | Up to 4 | 22 (47.8) | 24 (52.2) | 46 (7.3) | 4.54 | 0.10 | Reference |
| 5 to 8 | 219 (55.3) | 177 (44.7) | 396 (63.3) | 0.74 | |||
| 8+ | 85 (46.2) | 99 (53.8) | 374 (29.4) | 1.07 | |||
|
| |||||||
| Preferred baby gender of parents | Son | 64 (47.4) | 71 (52.6) | 135 (21.6) | 2.14 | 0.34 | Reference |
| Daughter | 70 (56.5) | 54 (43.5) | 124 (19.8) | 0.70 | |||
| Does not matter | 192 (52.3) | 175 (47.7) | 367 (58.6) | 0.82 | |||
|
| |||||||
| Preference in food intake | Male | 26 (43.3) | 34 (56.7) | 60 (9.6) | 2.03 | 0.36 | Reference |
| Female | 96 (53.0) | 85 (47.0) | 181 (28.9) | 0.68 | |||
| Both | 204 (53.0) | 181 (47.0) | 385 (61.5) | 0.68 | |||
|
| |||||||
| Household structure | RCC | 198 (52.9) | 176 (47.1) | 374 (59.7) | 7.51 | 0.06 | Reference |
| Mud | 5 (26.3) | 14 (73.7) | 19 (3.0) | 3.15 | |||
| Wooden | 5 (83.3) | 1 (16.7) | 6 (1.0) | 0.23 | |||
| Shelter | 118 (52.0) | 109 (48.0) | 227 (36.3) | 1.04 | |||
|
| |||||||
| Latrine facility | Yes | 304 (52.3) | 277 (47.7) | 581 (92.8) | 0.20 | 0.66 | Reference |
| No | 22 (48.9) | 23 (51.1) | 45 (7.2) | 1.15 | |||
|
| |||||||
| Sewerage system | Open | 38 (39.6) | 58 (60.4) | 96 (15.3) | 7.09 | 0.008 | Reference |
| Underground | 288 (54.3) | 242 (45.7) | 530 (84.7) | 0.84 | |||