Table 1.

Potential migraine-related effects of CGRP administered by different routes in rodents

CGRP delivery	Phenotype	Species and reference
Intravenous	↓ Blood pressure No c-Fos activation in in trigeminal nucleus caudalis ↑ c-Fos protein in the brainstem ↑ p-ERK in dura mater	Rat Bhatt et al. (2015)
	↓ Mean arterial pressure tachycardia ↑ Cardiac output No change in stroke volume ↓ Total peripheral resistance	Rat Lappe et al. (1987)
	↓ Mean arterial pressure ↑ Heart rate and cardiac output ↓ Total peripheral resistance ↑ Mesenteric and hindquarter blood flow Dose-dependent changes in renal blood flow ↓ Resistance in all vascular beds	Rat Siren and Feuerstein 1988
	Dilation of middle meningeal artery Facilitated vibrissal responses	Rat Cumberbatch et al. (1999)
	Hypotension Dilation of middle meningeal artery ↑ Pial artery/arteriole diameter	Rat Petersen et al. (2004)
	↑ Dilation of cerebral arteries when applied abluminally but not luminally ↑ Dilation of cerebral cortical pial arteries/arterioles ↓ Blood pressure	Rat Petersen et al. 2005a, b)
	↑ Dural blood flow No activation or sensitization of meningeal nociceptors	Rat Levy et al. (2005)
Intracerebroventricular	No c-Fos activation in trigeminal nucleus caudalis	Rat Bhatt et al. (2014)
	↑ Light aversion ↓ Locomotion in the dark	Mouse Kaiser et al. (2012)
	↑ Light aversion ↑ Resting in dark	Mouse Mason et al. (2017)
	↑ Hindpaw withdrawal latency to thermal and mechanical stimulation (antinociception)	Rat Huang et al. (2000)
	↑ Tail-flick latencies to thermal stimulation (antinociception) ↑ Response latencies on the hot plate (antinociception) Evoked thalamic neuronal firing	Rat Pecile et al. (1987)
	↑ Paw-withdrawal latencies in C57BL/6 mice ↓ Depression-like behavior in forced swim test in both C57BL/6 and AKR mice	Mouse Schorscher-Petcu et al. (2009)
Intrathecal	↑ Mechanical and thermal hyperalgesia in AKR but not C57BL/6 mice	Mouse Mogil et al. (2005)
	↑ Hyperalgesia to mechanical noxious stimuli (pinching the hind paw)	Rat Oku et al. (1987)
	↑ Mechanical allodynia at high dose	Mouse Marquez de Prado et al. (2009)
Intraperitoneal	↑ Light aversion in CD1 and C57BL/6J ↑ Resting in dark in both strains	Mouse Mason et al. (2017)
	↑ Facial signs of discomfort in CD1 and C57BL/6J ↑ Squint in both strains	Mouse Rea et al. (2018)
	↑ Diarrhea	Mouse Kaiser et al. (2017)
Dural and epidural	↑ Dural blood flow No activation or sensitization of meningeal nociceptors	Rat Levy et al. 2005
	↓ Climbing hutch and face grooming ↑ Immobile behavior	Rat Yao et al. (2017)
	↑ Periorbital hypersensitivity in female mice	Mouse Burgos Vega et al. (2017)
Subcutaneous and intradermal	↑ Blood flow No change in thermal hyperalgesia	Rat Chu et al. (2000)
	No change in mechanical hyperalgesia	Rat Nakamura-Craig and Gill (1991)
	↓ Paw withdrawal threshold to noxious heat (hyperalgesia) Strain-dependent hyperalgesia with the hot plate assay ↑ Sensitivity to mechanical stimulation with von Frey filaments	Mouse Mogil et al. (2005)
	No tactile allodynia	Mouse Marquez de Prado et al. (2009)