Table 3.

Multivariable Association of Baseline Biomarkers with Baseline Functional Capacity by HF Type

		Adjusted[1]
Outcome	Biomarker	Mean Difference (95% CI)[2]	P-value
HFrEF (IRONOUT Trial)
Peak VO2, mL/kg/min	Log2(Galectin-3), per doubling	0.291 (−0.545, 1.126)	0.495
	Log2(GDF15), per doubling	−1.528 (−2.179, −0.876)	<.001
	Log2(NT-proBNP), per doubling	−0.344 (−0.585, −0.103)	0.005
	Log2(ST2), per doubling	−0.794 (−1.619, 0.030)	0.059
VE/VCO2 slope, % relative difference	Log2(Galectin-3), per doubling	−2.959 (−8.897, 3.366)	0.351
	Log2(GDF15), per doubling	5.370 (0.244, 10.759)	0.040
	Log2(NT-proBNP), per doubling	3.398 (1.501, 5.330)	< .001
	Log2(ST2), per doubling	3.347 (−2.998, 10.107)	0.308
Six-minute walk distance, m	Log2(Galectin-3), per doubling	−7.292 (−38.253, 23.669)	0.644
	Log2(GDF15), per doubling	−33.579 (−57.645, −9.513)	0.006
	Log2(NT-proBNP), per doubling	−2.322 (−11.099, 6.454)	0.604
	Log2(ST2), per doubling	−10.228 (−40.492, 20.036)	0.508
HFpEF (RELAX Trial)
Peak VO2, mL/kg/min	Log2(Galectin-3), per doubling	−0.033 (−0.695, 0.629)	0.922
	Log2(GDF15), per doubling	−1.010 (−1.487, −0.532)	<.001
	Log2(NT-proBNP), per doubling	−0.464 (−0.676, −0.251)	<.001
	Log2(ST2), per doubling	0.341 (−0.343, 1.024)	0.329
VE/VCO2 slope, % relative difference	Log2(Galectin-3), per doubling	−1.265 (−6.846, 4.650)	0.668
	Log2(GDF15), per doubling	4.438 (−0.078, 9.158)	0.054
	Log2(NT-proBNP), per doubling	2.523 (0.653, 4.427)	0.008
	Log2(ST2), per doubling	1.557 (−3.969, 7.400)	0.588
Six-minute walk distance, m	Log2(Galectin-3), per doubling	2.626 (−23.743, 28.995)	0.845
	Log2(GDF15), per doubling	−4.407 (−23.284, 14.470)	0.647
	Log2(NT-proBNP), per doubling	−4.555 (−12.804, 3.693)	0.279
	Log2(ST2), per doubling	−24.963 (−49.844, −0.083)	0.049

^[1]Adjusted for age, sex, body mass index, prior HF hospitalization in past year, systolic blood pressure, blood urea nitrogen, site, and all other biomarkers.

^[2]Estimated difference in given units of outcome per given unit difference in biomarker.