. 2020 Jan 31;62(1):1–13. doi: 10.5187/jast.2020.62.1.1

Table 4. pH, total gas and volatile fatty acid production of in vitro fermentation using soluble starch and casein as substrates.

Substrate	Treatment (24 h)						SEM	p-value
Substrate	Con¹⁾	E. limosum ATCC8486	DA02²⁾	GA01³⁾	GA02⁴⁾	GA03⁵⁾	SEM	p-value
pH
Soluble starch	5.62^a	5.20^c	5.29^bc	5.29^bc	5.31^b	5.34^b	0.914	<.0001
Casein	6.50^a	6.35^b	6.34^b	6.37^b	6.30^b	6.35^b	1.065	<.0001
Total gas (mL)
Soluble starch	26.33^d	40.00^a	38.67^a	37.67^ab	35.33^b	32.67^c	6.072	<.0001
Casein	16.67^e	21.33^de	32.67^a	31.00^ab	23.67^dc	27.33^bc	5.521	<.0001
Acetic acid (mM)
Soluble starch	37.65^d	48.32^c	51.24^a	50.89^ab	48.67^c	49.29^bc	8.633	<.0001
Casein	40.63^b	46.32^b	63.36^a	70.09^a	66.87^a	65.48^a	12.419	<.0001
Propionic acid (mM)
Soluble starch	18.94^b	34.40^a	33.45^a	34.69^a	35.66^a	33.17^a	6.262	<.0001
Casein	13.99^c	17.59^b	20.24^a	19.45^a	19.98^a	17.57^b	3.190	<.0001
Butyric acid (mM)
Soluble starch	7.37	9.03	8.97	8.31	7.94	7.64	1.686	0.190
Casein	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND
Total VFA (mM)
Soluble starch	63.97^b	91.76^a	93.66^a	93.90^a	92.26^a	90.11^a	15.950	<.0001
Casein	54.61^c	63.90^b	83.60^a	89.55^a	86.85^a	83.04^a	15.433	<.0001
A:P
Soluble starch	2.01^a	1.41^b	1.53^b	1.47^b	1.37^b	1.48^b	0.294	0.0004
Casein	2.91^bc	2.63^c	3.13^b	3.60^a	3.34^ab	3.73^a	0.714	0.001

Values are the means of triplicates.

Means with different superscripts in the same row are significantly different (p < 0.05).

¹⁾

Con, Control.

²⁾

DA02, Proteiniphilum acetatigenes DA02 (MK414692).

³⁾

GA01, Proteiniphilum acetatigenes GA01 (MK414691).

⁴⁾

GA02, Alkaliphilus crotonatoxidans GA02 (MK414768).

⁵⁾

GA03, Proteiniphilum acetatigenes GA03 (MK414775).

SEM, standard error of the means; ND, not detected; VFA, volatile fatty acid; A:P, acetic acid:propionic acid.