TABLE 1.
Demographic and clinical characteristics of the cohort
| Total | Pulmonary hypertension group# | Non-pulmonary hypertension group | p-value | |
| Subjects | 620 | 375 | 245 | |
| Age years | 70.01±15.15 | 71.09±15.67 | 70.96±14.54 | 0.779 |
| Male | 302 (48.71) | 179 (47.73) | 123 (50.20) | 0.547 |
| Height cm | 168.00±14.50 | 167.10±14.20 | 169.00±14.99 | 0.184 |
| Weight kg | 83.00±30.71 | 84.37±30.46 | 78.47±29.99 | 0.002 |
| BMI kg·m−2 | 29.31±9.42 | 30.03±9.97 | 28.20±8.46 | <0.001 |
| Race/ethnicity | ||||
| Non-Hispanic White | 458 (73.87) | 284 (75.73) | 174 (71.02) | 0.010 |
| Non-Hispanic Black | 20 (3.23) | 14 (3.73) | 6 (2.45) | |
| Hispanic | 26 (4.19) | 20 (5.33) | 6 (2.45) | |
| Other | 6 (0.97) | 1 (0.27) | 5 (2.04) | |
| Unknown | 110 (17.74) | 56 (14.93) | 54 (22.04) | |
| Smoking history | ||||
| Nonsmoker | 261 (42.10) | 150 (40.00) | 11 (45.31) | 0.159 |
| Current smoker | 15 (2.42) | 12 (3.20) | 3 (1.22) | |
| Ex-smoker | 344 (55.48) | 213 (56.80) | 131 (53.47) | |
| Underlying disease | ||||
| COPD | 136 (21.94) | 93 (24.80) | 43 (17.55) | 0.033 |
| ILD | 235 (37.90) | 137 (36.53) | 98 (40.00) | 0.384 |
| Embolism | 42 (6.77) | 23 (6.13) | 19 (7.76) | 0.432 |
| Heart disease | 353 (56.94) | 229 (61.07) | 124 (50.61) | 0.010 |
| Haemodynamics | ||||
| mPAP mmHg | 27±13 | 33±12 | 20±5 | <0.001 |
| CO (TD) L·min−1 | 4.69±1.93 | 4.60±2.06 | 4.80±1.80 | 0.065 |
| CO (Fick) L·min−1 | 4.60±1.75 | 4.59±1.81 | 4.65±1.63 | 0.458 |
| PVR (TD) WU | 3.02±2.69 | 4.09±3.28 | 2.11±1.11 | <0.001 |
| PVR (Fick) WU | 3.10±2.64 | 4.00±3.26 | 2.18±1.31 | <0.001 |
| RAP mmHg | 7±5 | 9±6 | 5±4 | <0.001 |
| PCWP mmHg | 12±6 | 14±7 | 10±5 | <0.001 |
| Inspiratory HRCT median (IQR) | ||||
| MPAD mm | 32.75 (7.35) | 34.60 (7.10) | 30.00 (6.50) | <0.001 |
| PA:Ao | 0.95 (0.22) | 1.01 (0.23) | 0.87 (0.16) | <0.001 |
| RPAD mm | 25.95 (5.35) | 27.00 (4.90) | 24.30 (5.10) | <0.001 |
| LPAD mm | 25.20 (4.80) | 26.15 (4.50) | 24.10 (4.70) | <0.001 |
| PA angle deg | 84.45 (29.57) | 80.17 (28.83) | 90.67 (30.62) | <0.001 |
| Expiratory HRCT median (IQR) | ||||
| MPAD mm | 32.80 (7.20) | 34.65 (7.05) | 30.50 (6.00) | <0.001 |
| PA:Ao | 0.94 (0.21) | 0.99 (0.22) | 0.86 (0.16) | <0.001 |
| RPAD mm | 25.50 (5.35) | 26.60 (5.00) | 23.80 (4.70) | <0.001 |
| LPAD mm | 25.60 (4.90) | 26.10 (4.90) | 24.20 (4.70) | <0.001 |
| PA angle deg | 94.44 (23.02) | 92.99 (22.46) | 98.56 (25.96) | 0.001 |
Data are presented as n, mean±sd or n (%), unless otherwise stated. BMI: body mass index; COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; ILD: interstitial lung disease; PA: pulmonary artery; mPAP: mean PA pressure; CO: cardiac output; TD: thermodilution technique; PVR: pulmonary vascular resistance; WU: Wood Units; RAP: right atrial pressure; PCWP: pulmonary capillary wedge pressure; HRCT: high-resolution computed tomography; IQR: interquartile range; MPAD: main PA diameter; PA:Ao: PA to ascending aorta ratio; RPAD: right PA diameter; LPAD: left PA diameter. #: mPAP ≥25 mmHg on right heart catheterisation.