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. 2019 Nov 8;199(3):326–336. doi: 10.1111/cei.13390

Figure 3.

Figure 3

Production of each of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), transforming growth factor (TGF)‐β and interleukin (IL)‐8 was enhanced by secretory immunoglobulin A (SIg)A stimulation. (a) Upper panels show the levels of VEGF, TGF‐β and IL‐8 in the culture supernatant after stimulation with SIgA or IgG at 300 µg/ml for 24 and 48 h. Lower panels show the levels of VEGF, TGF‐β and IL‐8 in the culture supernatant after stimulation with SIgA at the indicated concentrations or IgG at 300 µg/ml for 24 h. After stimulation with SIgA under each condition, the levels of VEGF, TGF‐β and IL‐8 in the culture supernatant were measured. Bars represent the standard error of the mean (s.e.m.) (n = 3–5); n.s. = not significant. *P < 0·05, **P < 0·01, *** P < 0·001. (b) mRNA expressions of VEGF and IL‐8 at 6 h after stimulation with (■) or without (□) SIgA at 300 µg/ml and those of TGF‐β 24 h after stimulation. Bars represent the s.e.m. (n = 5–6). *P < 0·05, **P < 0·01.