Table 3.
Factors associated with PAD among type 2 diabetes mellitus patients in bivariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses, Debre Tabor, Northwest Ethiopia, 2019.
| Variable | PAD | OR (95% CI) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Yes (n = 86) | No (n = 194) | COR | AOR | |
| Age (year)C | 64.7 ± 8.9 | 59.6 ± 5.8 | 1.11 (1.06-1.15) | 1.09 (1.03-1.16)∗∗ |
| Sex | ||||
| Male | 57 (33.1) | 115 (66.9) | 1.35 (0.80-2.30) | |
| Female | 29 (26.9) | 79 (73.1) | 1 | |
| Residence | ||||
| Urban | 63 (31.9) | 134 (68.1) | 1.23 (0.70-2.16) | |
| Rural | 23 (27.7) | 60 (72.3) | 1 | 1 |
| Educational status | ||||
| Cannot read and write | 24 (24.7) | 73 (75.3) | 0.84 (0.43-1.65) | 1.27 (0.56-2.95) |
| Read and write | 18 (31.6) | 39 (68.4) | 1.17 (0.56-2.47) | 1.12 (0.46-2.73) |
| Elementary (1-8) | 22 (45.8) | 26 (54.2) | 2.15 (1.02-4.57) | 1.39 (0.54-3.62) |
| High school and above | 22 (28.2) | 56 (71.8) | 1 | |
| Occupation | ||||
| Farmer | 12 (27.3) | 32 (72.7) | 1 | |
| Government employee | 29 (31.1) | 64 (68.8) | 1.2 (0.55-2.68) | |
| Merchant | 26 (36.1) | 46 (63.9) | 1.50 (0.66-3.42) | |
| Housewife | 17 (27.4) | 45 (72.6) | 1.00 (0.42-2.40) | |
| Other | 2 (77.8) | 7 (22.2) | 0.76 (0.14-4.20) | |
| DM duration | ||||
| Year < 10 | 22 (18.5) | 97 (81.5) | 1 | |
| 10-19 | 51 (36.2) | 90 (63.8) | 2.50 (1.40-4.45) | |
| ≥20 | 13 (65.0) | 7 (35.0) | 8.18 (2.92-22.90) | |
| BMI (kg/m2) | ||||
| Normal | 12 (66.7) | 6 (33.3) | 1 | |
| Overweight | 55 (26.8) | 150 (73.2) | 0.10 (0.03-0.33) | 0.64 (0.17-2.41) |
| Obese | 19 (33.3) | 38 (66.7) | 10.36 (0.10-1.27) | 1.50 (0.34-6.70) |
| Type of antidiabetic drug in use | ||||
| OH | 49 (22.8) | 166 (77.2) | 0.39 (0.16-0.98) | 0.37 (0.13-1.11) |
| Both OH and insulin | 28 (63.6) | 16 (36.4) | 2.33 (0.81-6.74) | 0.98 (0.26-3.66) |
| Insulin | 9 (42.9) | 12 (57.1) | 1 | |
| HbA1c (%)C | 7.6 ± 1.2 | 6.6 ± 0.9 | 2.04 (1.48-2.83) | 1.97 (1.03-3.40)∗ |
| Cigarette smoking | ||||
| Nonsmoker | 49 (22.3) | 171 (77.7) | 1 | |
| Ex-smoker | 23 (59.0) | 16 (41.0) | 5.02 (2.46-10.23) | 4.68 (1.93-11.30)∗∗ |
| Current smoker | 14 (66.7) | 7 (33.3) | 6.98 (2.67-18.25) | 5.84 (1.79-19.04)∗∗ |
| History of HTN self-reported | ||||
| Yes | 46 (31.5) | 100 (68.5) | 1.08 (0.65-1.79) | |
| No | 40 (29.9) | 94 (70.1) | 1 | |
| Current hypertension/high BP | ||||
| Yes | 64 (40) | 96 (60) | 2.96 (1.69-5.20) | 1.91 (0.88-4.15) |
| No | 22 (18.3) | 98 (81.7) | 1 | |
∗Statistically significant (P value < 0.05). ∗∗Statistically highly significant (P value < 0.01). AOR: adjusted odds ratio; CI: confidence interval; COR: crude odds ratio. CContinuous.