Table 1.
Demographic characteristics and clinical variables at baseline (n = 63).
| Characteristics | Control n = 30 |
Intervention n = 33 |
χ 2 | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gender, n (%) | 0.551 | 0.458 | ||
| Male | 20 (66.7%) | 19 (57.6%) | ||
| Female | 10 (33.3%) | 14 (42.4%) | ||
| Family history of CI, n (%) | 0.002 | 0.961 | ||
| No | 18 (60.0%) | 20 (60.6%) | ||
| Yes | 12 (40.0%) | 13 (39.4%) | ||
| Family history of diabetes, n (%) | 0.148 | 0.701 | ||
| No | 16 (53.3%) | 16 (48.5%) | ||
| Yes | 14 (46.7%) | 17 (51.5%) | ||
| Marital status, n (%) | 0.223 | 0.223 | ||
| Not married | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | ||
| Married | 28 (93.3%) | 33 (100%) | ||
| Divorced/widowed | 2 (6.7%) | 0 (0.0%) | ||
| Educational level, n (%) | 5.418 | 0.228 | ||
| Illiterate | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | ||
| Primary school | 4 (13.3%) | 3 (9.1%) | ||
| Middle school | 16 (53.4%) | 18 (54.6%) | ||
| High school/secondary school | 4 (13.3%) | 10 (30.3%) | ||
| Associate | 5 (16.7%) | 1 (3.0%) | ||
| Bachelor and above | 1 (3.3%) | 1 (3.0%) | ||
| Medical fee payment method, n (%) | 0.007 | 0.933 | ||
| Free medical care | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | ||
| Self-payment | 2 (6.7%) | 1 (3.0%) | ||
| National health insurance | 28 (93.3%) | 32 (97.0%) | ||
| Career, n (%) | 1.371 | 0.242 | ||
| In-service | 7 (23.3%) | 4 (12.1%) | ||
| Nonservice | 23 (76.7%) | 29 (87.9%) | ||
| Comorbidities, n (%) | 2.618 | 0.106 | ||
| No | 4 (13.3%) | 10 (30.3%) | ||
| Yes | 26 (86.7%) | 23 (69.7%) | ||
| Diabetes complications, n (%) | 1.801 | 0.18 | ||
| No | 15 (50.0%) | 11 (33.3%) | ||
| Yes | 15 (50.0%) | 22 (66.7%) | ||
| Injecting insulin, n (%) | 0.716 | 0.397 | ||
| No | 15 (50.0%) | 13 (39.4%) | ||
| Yes | 15 (50.0%) | 20 (60.6%) | ||
| Smoking, n (%) | 0.682 | 0.409 | ||
| No | 23 (76.7%) | 28 (84.8%) | ||
| Yes | 7 (23.3%) | 5 (15.2%) | ||
| Drinking, n (%) | 3.067 | 0.08 | ||
| No | 21 (70.0%) | 29 (87.9%) | ||
| Yes | 9 (30%) | 4 (12.1%) | ||
| Exercise, n (%) | 0.05 | 0.824 | ||
| No | 11 (36.7%) | 13 (39.4%) | ||
| Yes | 19 (63.3%) | 20 (60.6%) | ||
| Age (years) | 65.37 ± 9.01 | 64.03 ± 6.93 | 0.663 | 0.51 |
| Weight (kg) | 67.81 ± 11.94 | 66.28 ± 10.29 | 0.546 | 0.587 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 25.05 ± 3.37 | 25.03 ± 3.26 | 0.015 | 0.988 |
| WC (cm) | 89.00 ± 10.21 | 87.67 ± 10.37 | 0.513 | 0.61 |
| HC (cm) | 94.85 ± 7.03 | 96.14 ± 5.94 | -0.787 | 0.435 |
| SBP (mmHg) | 148.10 ± 20.41 | 144.27 ± 20.53 | 0.741 | 0.461 |
| DBP (mmHg) | 85.10 ± 10.20 | 82.42 ± 20.19 | 0.654 | 0.516 |
| TC (mmol/L) | 4.32 ± 1.02 | 4.20 ± 1.39 | 0.38 | 0.705 |
| TG (mmol/L) | 1.83 ± 1.16 | 1.36 ± 0.90 | 1.874 | 0.061 |
| HDL-c (mmol/L) | 1.21 ± 0.39 | 1.35 ± 0.54 | 1.572 | 0.116 |
| LDL-c (mmol/L) | 2.62 ± 0.97 | 2.63 ± 1.11 | -0.026 | 0.98 |
| FPG (mmol/L) | 8.92 ± 3.27 | 7.54 ± 2.72 | 1.809 | 0.076 |
| 2hPG (mmol/L) | 12.40 ± 3.58 | 10.66 ± 3.66 | 1.894 | 0.063 |
| HbA1c (%) | 8.15 ± 2.46 | 7.91 ± 2.16 | 0.404 | 0.688 |
| 1,5-AG (μg/mL) | 90.14 ± 36.69 | 97.81 ± 34.85 | -0.841 | 0.402 |
| CV-FPG (%) | 0.20 ± 0.12 | 0.19 ± 0.11 | 0.277 | 0.783 |
| LAGE (mmol/L) | 5.96 ± 2.16 | 5.84 ± 2.21 | 0.202 | 0.841 |
The data are shown as n (%) and mean ± SD. CI: cerebral infarction; BMI: body mass index; WC: waist circumference; HC: hip circumference; SBP: systolic blood pressure; DBP: diastolic blood pressure; TC: total cholesterol; TG: triglyceride; HDL-c: high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-c: low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; FPG: fasting plasma glucose; 2hPG: 2-hour postprandial blood glucose; HbA1c: hemoglobin A1c; 1,5-AG: 1,5-anhydroglucitol; CV-FPG: fasting plasma glucose variation coefficient; LAGE: largest amplitude of glycemic excursions.