Figure 5.

GDF15 is required for the development and metastasis of tumor in vivo. HT29 cells were transfected with shRNA targeted at GDF15 (shGDF15) or negative control shRNA (NC). The cells (5 × 10⁶) were implanted into nude mice at the flank to induce tumor formation and tumor size was measured. n = 7 for NC group and n = 9 for the shGDF15 group. (a) The volume of xenograft tumors. (b) Representative images of immunostaining of the sections of xenograft tumors for N-Cadherin and Vimentin. (c) Representative images of immunostaining of the sections of tumors for Ki67. (b-c) scale bar, 50 μm. The data are shown as mean ± s.e.m. ^∗p < 0.05 or ^∗∗p < 0.01 by unpaired two-tailed Student's t-test.