Table 2.
Susceptibility to ivermectin in a blood meal of key malaria vectors, ordered by species
| Reference | Species | Method | Susceptibility |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gardner et al.101 | An. quadrimaculatus | Feeding on treated dogs | 24-hour-LC50: 6–12 ng/mL |
| Ouedraogo102 | An. gambiae | Membrane: blood from treated humans in combination with artemether–lumefantrine | 7-day-LC50: 8.6 ng/mL |
| Smit et al.37 | An. gambiae | Membrane: blood from treated humans in combination with dihydroartemisinin–piperaquine | 7-day-LC50: 3.4 ng/mL |
| Kobylinski et al.103 | An. gambiae (G3 strain) | Membrane: in vitro mixture (human blood + ivermectin) | 5-day-LC50: 22.4 ng/mL |
| Kobylinski104 | An. gambiae (G3 strain) | 7-day-LC50: 15.9 ng/mL | |
| Fritz et al.12 | An. gambiae s.l. | Membrane: in vitro mixture (cattle blood + ivermectin) | 9-day-LC50: 19.8 ng/mL |
| Kobylinski et al.105 | An. dirus | Membrane: in vitro mixture (human blood + ivermectin) | 7 day-LC50: 55.6 ng/mL |
| An. minimus | 7 day-LC50: 16.3 ng/mL | ||
| An. campestris | 7 day-LC50: 26.4 ng/mL | ||
| An. sawadwongporni | 7 day-LC50: 27.1 ng/mL | ||
| Kobylinski [unpublished] | An. dirus | Membrane: blood from treated humans | 10-day-LC50: 2.9 ng/mL |
| Kobylinski [unpublished] | An. minimus | 10-day-LC50: 0.4 ng/mL | |
| Sampaio et al.106 | An. aquasalis | Membrane: in vitro mixture (blood + ivermectin) | 5-day-LC50: 47.03 ng/mL |
| Kobylinski et al.107 | An. darlingi | Membrane: in vitro mixture (blood + ivermectin) | 7 day-LC50: 43.2 ng/mL |
| Chaccour et al.22 | An. arabiensis | Feeding on treated cattle | 10-day-LC50: 3.7 ng/mL |
| Fritz23 | An. arabiensis (Dongola strain) | Membrane: in vitro mixture (cattle blood + ivermectin) | 9-day-LC50: 7.9 ng/mL |
| Pasay108 | An. farauti | Feeding on treated pigs | 12-day-LC99: 2.4 ng/mL* |
An. = Anopheles. In vitro and in vivo data for humans and/or animals are presented. Note the variability in LC50 values when using ivermectin-spiked blood or blood from treated vertebrates. In all cases, in vivo data produce a stronger lethal effect when calculating LC50s. LC50 not available. Results by Dreyer et al.109 showing an in vitro LC50 of 1,468 ng/mL for An. albimanus have been published, so they are included here for completeness but there are new, unpublished field data by the same team showing LC50 of 34 ng/mL or lower.
* Only LC99 available.