Schematic representation of the proposed 1-benzylisoquinoline alkaloid biosynthetic pathway in sacred lotus (N. nucifera). The enzymes functionally characterized in this study (NnOMT1 and NnOMT5) are indicated, and detected alkaloids are shown in bold. Asterisk denotes the chiral center in norcoclaurine. Gray arrow, norcoclaurine synthase (NCS); green arrows, 6-O-methyltransferase (6OMT); red arrows, 7-O-methyltransferase (7OMT); blue arrows, 4′-O-methyltransferase (4′OMT); black arrows, N-methyltransferase (NMT).