Table 6.
The correlation between CSC marker levels in sera with clinicopathological features and laboratory results in early stage CCA patients
| Variables | Early stage (TNM stage I, II) | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | CD44 | p | CD44v6 | p | CD44v8-10 | p | EpCAM | p | |
| Sex | |||||||||
| Female | 22 | 0.47 ± 0.13 | 0.80 ± 0.17 | 0.70 ± 0.13 | 0.46 ± 0.16 | ||||
| Male | 38 | 0.51 ± 0.16 | 0.306 | 0.79 ± 0.18 | 0.861 | 0.70 ± 0.15 | 0.913 | 0.48 ± 0.15 | 0.623 |
| Age (year) | |||||||||
| Less than 61 | 30 | 0.51 ± 0.15 | 0.82 ± 0.15 | 0.72 ± 0.12 | 0.50 ± 0.15 | ||||
| 61 or greater | 30 | 0.49 ± 0.16 | 0.579 | 0.77 ± 0.20 | 0.220 | 0.68 ± 0.17 | 0.276 | 0.44 ± 0.16 | 0.102 |
| Tumor site | |||||||||
| Intrahepatic | 31 | 0.50 ± 0.13 | 0.80 ± 0.15 | 0.71 ± 0.13 | 0.47 ± 0.13 | ||||
| Extrahepatic | 29 | 0.49 ± 0.18 | 0.888 | 0.79 ± 0.20 | 0.778 | 0.70 ± 0.17 | 0.710 | 0.47 ± 0.18 | 0.928 |
| Histology type | |||||||||
| Papillary | 38 | 0.52 ± 0.13 | 0.82 ± 0.14 | 0.72 ± 0.13 | 0.48 ± 0.16 | ||||
| Others | 22 | 0.47 ± 0.18 | 0.229 | 0.74 ± 0.21 | 0.079 | 0.68 ± 0.17 | 0.277 | 0.45 ± 0.16 | 0.449 |
| Tumor marker | |||||||||
| CA19-9 (U/mL) | |||||||||
| < 37 | 24 | 0.44 ± 0.13 | 0.77 ± 0.16 | 0.67 ± 0.14 | 0.40 ± 0.11 | ||||
| ≥ 37 | 21 | 0.57 ± 0.15 | 0.006 | 0.85 ± 0.13 | 0.072 | 0.77 ± 0.10 | 0.011 | 0.54 ± 0.14 | < 0.001 |
| CEA (ng/mL) | |||||||||
| < 2.5 | 16 | 0.48 ± 0.12 | 0.81 ± 0.15 | 0.70 ± 0.14 | 0.44 ± 0.12 | ||||
| ≥ 2.5 | 30 | 0.52 ± 0.16 | 0.405 | 0.81 ± 0.15 | 0.937 | 0.72 ± 0.13 | 0.653 | 0.48 ± 0.15 | 0.286 |
| AFP (IU/mL) | |||||||||
| < 5 | 33 | 0.48 ± 0.15 | 0.79 ± 0.14 | 0.70 ± 0.13 | 0.45 ± 0.14 | ||||
| ≥ 5 | 4 | 0.55 ± 0.21 | 0.387 | 0.80 ± 0.14 | 0.894 | 0.71 ± 0.13 | 0.937 | 0.50 ± 0.21 | 0.553 |
| Liver function test | |||||||||
| Direct bilirubin (mg/dL) | |||||||||
| < 1.5 | 35 | 0.48 ± 0.14 | 0.79 ± 0.15 | 0.69 ± 0.13 | 0.44 ± 0.13 | ||||
| ≥ 1.5 | 18 | 0.53 ± 0.19 | 0.261 | 0.79 ± 0.22 | 0.937 | 0.71 ± 0.18 | 0.600 | 0.49 ± 0.17 | 0.276 |
| Total bilirubin (mg/dL) | |||||||||
| < 2.5 | 33 | 0.49 ± 0.14 | 0.80 ± 0.15 | 0.70 ± 0.14 | 0.46 ± 0.13 | ||||
| ≥ 2.5 | 22 | 0.51 ± 0.18 | 0.571 | 0.78 ± 0.21 | 0.696 | 0.70 ± 0.17 | 0.866 | 0.46 ± 0.17 | 0.992 |
| ALT (U/L) | |||||||||
| < 40 | 30 | 0.50 ± 0.14 | 0.81 ± 0.16 | 0.73 ± 0.12 | 0.46 ± 0.11 | ||||
| ≥ 40 | 23 | 0.48 ± 0.18 | 0.521 | 0.75 ± 0.19 | 0.238 | 0.66 ± 0.17 | 0.089 | 0.46 ± 0.19 | 0.888 |
| AST (U/L) | |||||||||
| < 40 | 28 | 0.48 ± 0.13 | 0.79 ± 0.16 | 0.70 ± 0.13 | 0.47 ± 0.13 | ||||
| ≥ 40 | 25 | 0.50 ± 0.18 | 0.709 | 0.78 ± 0.19 | 0.794 | 0.69 ± 0.17 | 0.752 | 0.46 ± 0.17 | 0.834 |
| ALP (U/L) | |||||||||
| < 130 | 18 | 0.45 ± 0.15 | 0.76 ± 0.16 | 0.68 ± 0.13 | 0.42 ± 0.12 | ||||
| ≥ 130 | 35 | 0.52 ± 0.16 | 0.129 | 0.80 ± 0.18 | 0.479 | 0.71 ± 0.16 | 0.575 | 0.48 ± 0.16 | 0.151 |
CD44 cluster of differentiation 44, CD44v CD44 variant, EpCAM epithelial cell adhesion molecules, TNM primary tumor-node-metastasis, CA19-9 cancer antigen 19-9, CEA carcinoembryonic antigen, AFP alpha-fetoprotein, ALT alanine aminotransferase, AST aspartate aminotransferase, ALP alkaline phosphatase