Table 7.
The correlation between CSC marker levels in sera with clinicopathological features and laboratory results in late stage CCA patients
| Variables | Late stage (TNM stage III, IV) | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | CD44 | p | CD44v6 | p | CD44v8-10 | p | EpCAM | p | |
| Sex | |||||||||
| Female | 24 | 0.51 ± 0.16 | 0.80 ± 0.15 | 0.71 ± 0.12 | 0.50 ± 0.17 | ||||
| Male | 43 | 0.52 ± 0.12 | 0.584 | 0.78 ± 0.14 | 0.573 | 0.70 ± 0.12 | 0.940 | 0.47 ± 0.13 | 0.435 |
| Age (year) | |||||||||
| Less than 61 | 32 | 0.51 ± 0.12 | 0.80 ± 0.12 | 0.69 ± 0.10 | 0.46 ± 0.14 | ||||
| 61 or greater | 35 | 0.52 ± 0.14 | 0.769 | 0.78 ± 0.16 | 0.651 | 0.71 ± 0.13 | 0.505 | 0.50 ± 0.16 | 0.289 |
| Tumor site | |||||||||
| Intrahepatic | 38 | 0.50 ± 0.13 | 0.77 ± 0.15 | 0.70 ± 0.11 | 0.46 ± 0.12 | ||||
| Extrahepatic | 29 | 0.54 ± 0.13 | 0.231 | 0.82 ± 0.13 | 0.128 | 0.71 ± 0.13 | 0.539 | 0.50 ± 0.17 | 0.259 |
| Histology type | |||||||||
| Papillary | 29 | 0.51 ± 0.14 | 0.78 ± 0.15 | 0.70 ± 0.12 | 0.47 ± 0.17 | ||||
| Others | 38 | 0.53 ± 0.13 | 0.599 | 0.80 ± 0.14 | 0.510 | 0.71 ± 0.12 | 0.809 | 0.49 ± 0.13 | 0.562 |
| Tumor marker | |||||||||
| CA19-9 (U/mL) | |||||||||
| < 37 | 13 | 0.47 ± 0.14 | 0.79 ± 0.13 | 0.71 ± 0.13 | 0.44 ± 0.13 | ||||
| ≥ 37 | 33 | 0.53 ± 0.13 | 0.152 | 0.80 ± 0.16 | 0.828 | 0.70 ± 0.11 | 0.841 | 0.48 ± 0.13 | 0.257 |
| CEA (ng/mL) | |||||||||
| < 2.5 | 6 | 0.51 ± 0.20 | 0.71 ± 0.19 | 0.71 ± 0.10 | 0.52 ± 0.09 | ||||
| ≥ 2.5 | 37 | 0.51 ± 0.11 | 0.888 | 0.80 ± 0.13 | 0.171 | 0.69 ± 0.10 | 0.598 | 0.44 ± 0.11 | 0.108 |
| AFP (IU/mL) | |||||||||
| < 5 | 33 | 0.52 ± 0.14 | 0.79 ± 0.16 | 0.70 ± 0.11 | 0.46 ± 0.11 | ||||
| ≥ 5 | 4 | 0.45 ± 0.20 | 0.357 | 0.77 ± 0.11 | 0.792 | 0.61 ± 0.06 | 0.118 | 0.38 ± 0.11 | 0.199 |
| Liver function test | |||||||||
| Direct bilirubin (mg/dL) | |||||||||
| < 1.5 | 39 | 0.50 ± 0.14 | 0.77 ± 0.16 | 0.70 ± 0.11 | 0.46 ± 0.13 | ||||
| ≥ 1.5 | 17 | 0.56 ± 0.12 | 0.137 | 0.85 ± 0.09 | 0.029 | 0.71 ± 0.11 | 0.632 | 0.51 ± 0.14 | 0.227 |
| Total bilirubin (mg/dL) | |||||||||
| < 2.5 | 35 | 0.49 ± 0.14 | 0.76 ± 0.16 | 0.68 ± 0.11 | 0.46 ± 0.13 | ||||
| ≥ 2.5 | 21 | 0.55 ± 0.12 | 0.089 | 0.85 ± 0.11 | 0.037 | 0.73 ± 0.11 | 0.149 | 0.51 ± 0.13 | 0.181 |
| ALT (U/L) | |||||||||
| < 40 | 28 | 0.49 ± 0.14 | 0.76 ± 0.16 | 0.70 ± 0.12 | 0.48 ± 0.14 | ||||
| ≥ 40 | 28 | 0.54 ± 0.12 | 0.148 | 0.83 ± 0.13 | 0.091 | 0.70 ± 0.11 | 0.946 | 0.47 ± 0.12 | 0.708 |
| AST (U/L) | |||||||||
| < 40 | 25 | 0.49 ± 0.15 | 0.75 ± 0.18 | 0.68 ± 0.11 | 0.45 ± 0.12 | ||||
| ≥ 40 | 31 | 0.54 ± 0.12 | 0.150 | 0.83 ± 0.11 | 0.037 | 0.72 ± 0.11 | 0.187 | 0.49 ± 0.14 | 0.295 |
| ALP (U/L) | |||||||||
| < 130 | 19 | 0.47 ± 0.13 | 0.74 ± 0.16 | 0.65 ± 0.11 | 0.41 ± 0.11 | ||||
| ≥ 130 | 37 | 0.54 ± 0.13 | 0.056 | 0.82 ± 0.13 | 0.049 | 0.72 ± 0.11 | 0.024 | 0.51 ± 0.13 | 0.006 |
CD44 cluster of differentiation 44, CD44v CD44 variant, EpCAM epithelial cell adhesion molecules, TNM primary tumor-node-metastasis, CA19-9 cancer antigen 19-9, CEA carcinoembryonic antigen, AFP alpha-fetoprotein, ALT alanine aminotransferase, AST aspartate aminotransferase, ALP: alkaline phosphatase