Table 4.

Risk of Bias in Nonrandomized Studies of Interventions-I

Study name	Confounding bias	Selection bias	Measuring interventions	Departures from interventions	Missing data	Measuring outcomes	Reporting bias	Overall bias
Steenberg (1990)	Low	Low	Low	Low	Low	Low	Low	Low
Higuchi (1995)	Low	Low	Low	Low	Low	Low	Low	Low
Bartling (1999)	Low	Low	Low	Low	Low	Low	Low	Low
Abarca (2005)	Low	Low	Low	Low	Low	Low	Low	Low
Vazquez 2007	Low	Low	Low	Low	Low	Low	Low	Low
Boven (2014)	Low	Low	Low	Low	Low	Low	Low	Low
Bormann (2010)	Low	Low	Low	Low	Low	Low	Low	Low