Table 2.
Stroke classifications and risk factors by cohort
| FUTURE (21•] | Helsinki Young Stroke Registry [24] | SITS-ISTR [18] | Get with the Guidelines-Stroke (MGH) [17•] | Vienna Stroke Registry [25]a | 15 Cities Young Stroke Study [12] | GCNKSSb [6•, 29] | Stroke in Young Fabry Patients cohort [28] | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| TOAST etiology (%) | ||||||||
| LAA | 12.4 (+15.0 likely LAA) | 7.5 | 23.2 | 2.0 | 8.8 | - | - | - |
| CE | 11.4 | 20.6 | 22.3 | 47.0 | 18.5 | - | - | - |
| lacune | 12.7 | 13.6 | 10.4 | 7.0 | 14.5 | - | - | - |
| Other | 17.7 | 26.3 | 14.5 | 34.0 | 9.2 | - | - | - |
| Undetermined | 28.1 | 32.0 | 17.1 | 8.0 (1 % incomplete evaluation) | 43.0 | - | - | - |
| Risk factor (%) | ||||||||
| HTN | 28.0 | 38.4 | 27.1 | 20.0 | 35.0 | 35.9 | 52.2 | 46.6 |
| DLD | - | 59.5 | 20.6 | 38.0 | 28.0 | 45.8 | 18.2 | 34.9 |
| DM | 6.6 | 6.1 | 5.8 | 11.0 | 11.0 | 8.0 | 19.6 | 10.3 |
| smoking | 57.3 | 44.7 | 42.7 | 34.0 | 60.0 | 48.7 | 52.0 | 55.5 |
| obesity | - | 10.4 | - | - | - | - | 43.8 | 22.3 |
| Excess alcohol | 7.6 | 14.5 | - | - | 12.0 | - | 15.0 | 33.0 |
| Illicit drug use | - | - | - | 12.0 | 7.0 | - | 19.8 | - |
| physical inactivity | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 48.2 |
| PFO | - | - | - | 17.0 | - | - | - | - |
| AF | 1.5 | 4.4 | 4.6 | - | 2.0 | 3.7 | - | 2.4 |
| migraine | - | - | - | - | 22.0 | - | - | 26.5 |
-=not available
TOAST subtypes AF atrial fibrillation, CE cardioembolism, DLD dyslipidemia, DM diabetes mellitus, LAA large-artery atherosclerosis, Lacune small-vessel occlusion, Other stroke of other determined etiology, Undetermined stroke of undetermined etiology
Risk factors HTN hypertension, PFO patent foramen ovale
a
Combined for participants deceased and alive
b
2005 estimates