Table 3. Failure Mode Observed Under the Stereomicroscope .
| Failure mode | Surface Treatment | |||
| Sandblast | Er:YAG Laser | Sandblast and Er:YAG Laser Combination | Sandblast and MKZ Primer Combination | |
| Adhesive | 5 | 3 | 5 | 2 |
| Mixed | 4 | 6 | 4 | 7 |
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