Pest categorisation of non‐EU viruses and viroids of potato

EFSA Panel on Plant Health (EFSA PLH Panel); Claude Bragard; Katharina Dehnen‐Schmutz; Paolo Gonthier; Marie‐Agnès Jacques; Josep Anton Jaques Miret; Annemarie Fejer Justesen; Alan MacLeod; Christer Sven Magnusson; Panagiotis Milonas; Juan A Navas‐Cortes; Stephen Parnell; Roel Potting; Philippe Lucien Reignault; Hans‐Hermann Thulke; Wopke van der Werf; Antonio Vicent Civera; Jonathan Yuen; Lucia Zappalà; Thierry Candresse; Christophe Lacomme; Bernard Bottex; Carla Oplaat; Annelien Roenhorst; Martijn Schenk; Francesco Di Serio

doi:10.2903/j.efsa.2020.5853

. 2020 Jan 9;18(1):e05853. doi: 10.2903/j.efsa.2020.5853

Pest categorisation of non‐EU viruses and viroids of potato

EFSA Panel on Plant Health (EFSA PLH Panel)^✉, Claude Bragard, Katharina Dehnen‐Schmutz, Paolo Gonthier, Marie‐Agnès Jacques, Josep Anton Jaques Miret, Annemarie Fejer Justesen, Alan MacLeod, Christer Sven Magnusson, Panagiotis Milonas, Juan A Navas‐Cortes, Stephen Parnell, Roel Potting, Philippe Lucien Reignault, Hans‐Hermann Thulke, Wopke van der Werf, Antonio Vicent Civera, Jonathan Yuen, Lucia Zappalà, Thierry Candresse, Christophe Lacomme, Bernard Bottex, Carla Oplaat, Annelien Roenhorst, Martijn Schenk, Francesco Di Serio

PMCID: PMC7008883 PMID: 32626477

Abstract

Following a request from the EU Commission, the Panel on Plant Health has addressed the pest categorisation of those viruses and viroids (hereafter referred to as viruses) of Solanum tuberosum and other tuber‐forming Solanum spp. (hereafter referred to as potato) which are considered to be either non‐EU or of undetermined standing based on a previous EFSA opinion. These viruses belong to different families and genera and either have an established identity or produce consistent symptoms. Plants for planting is the main pathway for entry for all categorised viruses as they can all be transmitted by vegetative propagation. Several categorised viruses have a relatively wide host range and/or are vector‐transmitted, increasing the potential for entry. The information currently available on geographical distribution, biology, epidemiology, impact and potential entry pathways has been evaluated with regard to the criteria to qualify as potential Union quarantine pest or as Union regulated non‐quarantine pest (RNQP). Since this opinion addresses specifically the non‐EU potato viruses, in general these viruses do not meet the criteria assessed by EFSA to qualify as potential Union regulated non‐quarantine pests. The following viruses meet the criteria to qualify as potential Union quarantine pest: APLV, APMMV, APMoV, ChiLCV, CYSDV, PAMV, PBRSV, PVH, PVP, PVT, PYDV, PYMV, PYV, PYVV, RCVMV, SALCV, SB26/29, ToCV, ToLCNDV, ToMHaV, ToMoTV, ToSRV and ToYVSV. With the exception of the criterion regarding the potential for consequences in the EU territory, for which the Panel is unable to conclude because of lack of information, AVB, CPSbV, PaLCrV, PapMV, PVB, PVU, SB41 and TVBMV meet all the other criteria to qualify as potential Union quarantine pest. PotLV and WPMV do not qualify as potential Union quarantine pest, since they are not reported to have any impact. For most of the categorised viruses, the conclusions of the Panel have inherent uncertainties, due to the lack of quantitative data on their impact and/or absence or limited availability of information on the biology, epidemiology and geographical distribution.

Keywords: European Union, pest risk, plant health, plant pest, quarantine, potato

1. Introduction

1.1. Background and Terms of Reference as provided by the requestor

1.1.1. Background

Council Directive 2000/29/EC1 on protective measures against the introduction into the Community of organisms harmful to plants or plant products and against their spread within the Community establishes the present European Union plant health regime. The Directive lays down the phytosanitary provisions and the control checks to be carried out at the place of origin on plants and plant products destined for the Union or to be moved within the Union. In the Directive's 2000/29/EC annexes, the list of harmful organisms (pests) whose introduction into or spread within the Union is prohibited, is detailed together with specific requirements for import or internal movement.

Following the evaluation of the plant health regime, the new basic plant health law, Regulation (EU) 2016/20312 on protective measures against pests of plants, was adopted on 26 October 2016 and will apply from 14 December 2019 onwards, repealing Directive 2000/29/EC. In line with the principles of the above mentioned legislation and the follow‐up work of the secondary legislation for the listing of EU regulated pests, EFSA is requested to provide pest categorisations of the harmful organisms included in the annexes of Directive 2000/29/EC, in the cases where recent pest risk assessment/ pest categorisation is not available.

1.1.2. Terms of reference

EFSA is requested, pursuant to Article 22(5.b) and Article 29(1) of Regulation (EC) No 178/20023, to provide scientific opinion in the field of plant health.

EFSA is requested to prepare and deliver a pest categorisation (step 1 analysis) for each of the regulated pests included in the appendices of the annex to this mandate. The methodology and template of pest categorisation have already been developed in past mandates for the organisms listed in Annex II Part A Section II of Directive 2000/29/EC. The same methodology and outcome is expected for this work as well.

The list of the harmful organisms included in the annex to this mandate comprises 133 harmful organisms or groups. A pest categorisation is expected for these 133 pests or groups and the delivery of the work would be stepwise at regular intervals through the year as detailed below. First priority covers the harmful organisms included in Appendix 1, comprising pests from Annex II Part A Section I and Annex II Part B of Directive 2000/29/EC. The delivery of all pest categorisations for the pests included in Appendix 1 is June 2018. The second priority is the pests included in Appendix 2, comprising the group of Cicadellidae (non‐EU) known to be vector of Pierce's disease (caused by Xylella fastidiosa), the group of Tephritidae (non‐EU), the group of potato viruses and virus‐like organisms, the group of viruses and virus‐like organisms of Cydonia Mill., Fragaria L., Malus Mill., Prunus L., Pyrus L., Ribes L., Rubus L. and Vitis L., and the group of Margarodes (non‐EU species). The delivery of all pest categorisations for the pests included in Appendix 2 is end 2019. The pests included in Appendix 3 cover pests of Annex I part A section I and all pest categorisations should be delivered by end 2020.

For the above mentioned groups, each covering a large number of pests, the pest categorisation will be performed for the group and not the individual harmful organisms listed under “such as” notation in the Annexes of the Directive 2000/29/EC. The criteria to be taken particularly under consideration for these cases, is the analysis of host pest combination, investigation of pathways, the damages occurring and the relevant impact.

Finally, as indicated in the text above, all references to ‘non‐European’ should be avoided and replaced by ‘non‐EU’ and refer to all territories with exception of the Union territories as defined in Article 1 point 3 of Regulation (EU) 2016/2031.

1.1.2.1. Terms of Reference: Appendix 1

List of harmful organisms for which pest categorisation is requested. The list below follows the annexes of Directive 2000/29/EC.

Annex IIAI
(a) Insects, mites and nematodes, at all stages of their development
Aleurocantus spp.	Numonia pyrivorella (Matsumura)
Anthonomus bisignifer (Schenkling)	Oligonychus perditus Pritchard and Baker
Anthonomus signatus (Say)	Pissodes spp. (non‐EU)
Aschistonyx eppoi Inouye	Scirtothrips aurantii Faure
Carposina niponensis Walsingham	Scirtothrips citri (Moultex)
Enarmonia packardi (Zeller)	Scolytidae spp. (non‐EU)
Enarmonia prunivora Walsh	Scrobipalpopsis solanivora Povolny
Grapholita inopinata Heinrich	Tachypterellus quadrigibbus Say
Hishomonus phycitis	Toxoptera citricida Kirk.
Leucaspis japonica Ckll.	Unaspis citri Comstock
Listronotus bonariensis (Kuschel)
(b) Bacteria
Citrus variegated chlorosis	Xanthomonas campestris pv. oryzae (Ishiyama) Dye and pv. oryzicola (Fang. et al.) Dye
Erwinia stewartii (Smith) Dye
(c) Fungi
Alternaria alternata (Fr.) Keissler (non‐EU pathogenic isolates)	Elsinoe spp. Bitanc. and Jenk. Mendes
Anisogramma anomala (Peck) E. Müller	Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. albedinis (Kilian and Maire) Gordon
Apiosporina morbosa (Schwein.) v. Arx	Guignardia piricola (Nosa) Yamamoto
Ceratocystis virescens (Davidson) Moreau	Puccinia pittieriana Hennings
Cercoseptoria pini‐densiflorae (Hori and Nambu) Deighton	Stegophora ulmea (Schweinitz: Fries) Sydow & Sydow
Cercospora angolensis Carv. and Mendes	Venturia nashicola Tanaka and Yamamoto
(d) Virus and virus‐like organisms
Beet curly top virus (non‐EU isolates)	Little cherry pathogen (non‐ EU isolates)
Black raspberry latent virus	Naturally spreading psorosis
Blight and blight‐like	Palm lethal yellowing mycoplasm
Cadang‐Cadang viroid	Satsuma dwarf virus
Citrus tristeza virus (non‐EU isolates)	Tatter leaf virus
Leprosis	Witches’ broom (MLO)
Annex IIB
(a) Insect mites and nematodes, at all stages of their development
Anthonomus grandis (Boh.)	Ips cembrae Heer
Cephalcia lariciphila (Klug)	Ips duplicatus Sahlberg
Dendroctonus micans Kugelan	Ips sexdentatus Börner
Gilphinia hercyniae (Hartig)	Ips typographus Heer
Gonipterus scutellatus Gyll.	Sternochetus mangiferae Fabricius
Ips amitinus Eichhof
(b) Bacteria
Curtobacterium flaccumfaciens pv. flaccumfaciens (Hedges) Collins and Jones
(c) Fungi
Glomerella gossypii Edgerton	Hypoxylon mammatum (Wahl.) J. Miller
Gremmeniella abietina (Lag.) Morelet

Annex IAI
(a) Insects, mites and nematodes, at all stages of their development
Group of Cicadellidae (non‐EU) known to be vector of Pierce's disease (caused by Xylella fastidiosa), such as:
1) Carneocephala fulgida Nottingham	3) Graphocephala atropunctata (Signoret)
2) Draeculacephala minerva Ball
Group of Tephritidae (non‐EU) such as:
1) Anastrepha fraterculus (Wiedemann)	12) Pardalaspis cyanescens Bezzi
2) Anastrepha ludens (Loew)	13) Pardalaspis quinaria Bezzi
3) Anastrepha obliqua Macquart	14) Pterandrus rosa (Karsch)
4) Anastrepha suspensa (Loew)	15) Rhacochlaena japonica Ito
5) Dacus ciliatus Loew	16) Rhagoletis completa Cresson
6) Dacus curcurbitae Coquillet	17) Rhagoletis fausta (Osten‐Sacken)
7) Dacus dorsalis Hendel	18) Rhagoletis indifferens Curran
8) Dacus tryoni (Froggatt)	19) Rhagoletis mendax Curran
9) Dacus tsuneonis Miyake	20) Rhagoletis pomonella Walsh
10) Dacus zonatus Saund.	21) Rhagoletis suavis (Loew)
11) Epochra canadensis (Loew)
(c) Viruses and virus‐like organisms
Group of potato viruses and virus‐like organisms such as:
1) Andean potato latent virus	4) Potato black ringspot virus
2) Andean potato mottle virus	5) Potato virus T
3) Arracacha virus B, oca strain	6) non‐EU isolates of potato viruses A, M, S, V, X and Y (including Yo, Yn and Yc) and Potato leafroll virus
Group of viruses and virus‐like organisms of Cydonia Mill., Fragaria L., Malus Mill., Prunus L., Pyrus L., Ribes L.,Rubus L. and Vitis L., such as:
1) Blueberry leaf mottle virus	8) Peach yellows mycoplasm
2) Cherry rasp leaf virus (American)	9) Plum line pattern virus (American)
3) Peach mosaic virus (American)	10) Raspberry leaf curl virus (American)
4) Peach phony rickettsia	11) Strawberry witches’ broom mycoplasma
5) Peach rosette mosaic virus	12) Non‐EU viruses and virus‐like organisms of Cydonia Mill., Fragaria L., Malus Mill., Prunus L., Pyrus L., Ribes L., Rubus L. and Vitis L.
6) Peach rosette mycoplasm
7) Peach X‐disease mycoplasm
Annex IIAI
(a) Insects, mites and nematodes, at all stages of their development
Group of Margarodes (non‐EU species) such as:
1) Margarodes vitis (Phillipi)	3) Margarodes prieskaensis Jakubski
2) Margarodes vredendalensis de Klerk

Annex IAI
(a) Insects, mites and nematodes, at all stages of their development
Acleris spp. (non‐EU)	Longidorus diadecturus Eveleigh and Allen
Amauromyza maculosa (Malloch)	Monochamus spp. (non‐EU)
Anomala orientalis Waterhouse	Myndus crudus Van Duzee
Arrhenodes minutus Drury	Nacobbus aberrans (Thorne) Thorne and Allen
Choristoneura spp. (non‐EU)	Naupactus leucoloma Boheman
Conotrachelus nenuphar (Herbst)	Premnotrypes spp. (non‐EU)
Dendrolimus sibiricus Tschetverikov	Pseudopityophthorus minutissimus (Zimmermann)
Diabrotica barberi Smith and Lawrence	Pseudopityophthorus pruinosus (Eichhoff)
Diabrotica undecimpunctata howardi Barber	Scaphoideus luteolus (Van Duzee)
Diabrotica undecimpunctata undecimpunctata Mannerheim	Spodoptera eridania (Cramer)
Diabrotica virgifera zeae Krysan & Smith	Spodoptera frugiperda (Smith)
Diaphorina citri Kuway	Spodoptera litura (Fabricus)
Heliothis zea (Boddie)	Thrips palmi Karny
Hirschmanniella spp., other than Hirschmanniella gracilis (de Man) Luc and Goodey	Xiphinema americanum Cobb sensu lato (non‐EU populations)
Liriomyza sativae Blanchard	Xiphinema californicum Lamberti and Bleve‐Zacheo
(b) Fungi
Ceratocystis fagacearum (Bretz) Hunt	Mycosphaerella larici‐leptolepis Ito et al.
Chrysomyxa arctostaphyli Dietel	Mycosphaerella populorum G. E. Thompson
Cronartium spp. (non‐EU)	Phoma andina Turkensteen
Endocronartium spp. (non‐EU)	Phyllosticta solitaria Ell. and Ev.
Guignardia laricina (Saw.) Yamamoto and Ito	Septoria lycopersici Speg. var. malagutii Ciccarone and Boerema
Gymnosporangium spp. (non‐EU)	Thecaphora solani Barrus
Inonotus weirii (Murril) Kotlaba and Pouzar	Trechispora brinkmannii (Bresad.) Rogers
Melampsora farlowii (Arthur) Davis
(c) Viruses and virus‐like organisms
Tobacco ringspot virus	Pepper mild tigré virus
Tomato ringspot virus	Squash leaf curl virus
Bean golden mosaic virus	Euphorbia mosaic virus
Cowpea mild mottle virus	Florida tomato virus
Lettuce infectious yellows virus
(d) Parasitic plants
Arceuthobium spp. (non‐EU)
Annex IAII
(a) Insects, mites and nematodes, at all stages of their development
Meloidogyne fallax Karssen	Rhizoecus hibisci Kawai and Takagi
Popillia japonica Newman
(b) Bacteria
Clavibacter michiganensis (Smith) Davis et al. ssp. sepedonicus (Spieckermann and Kotthoff) Davis et al.	Ralstonia solanacearum (Smith) Yabuuchi et al.
(c) Fungi
Melampsora medusae Thümen	Synchytrium endobioticum (Schilbersky) Percival
Annex I B
(a) Insects, mites and nematodes, at all stages of their development
Leptinotarsa decemlineata Say	Liriomyza bryoniae (Kaltenbach)
(b) Viruses and virus‐like organisms
Beet necrotic yellow vein virus

Criterion of pest categorisation	Criterion in Regulation (EU) 2016/2031 regarding Union quarantine pest	Criterion in Regulation (EU) 2016/2031 regarding protected zone quarantine pest (articles 32–35)	Criterion in Regulation (EU) 2016/2031 regarding Union regulated non‐quarantine pest
Identity of the pest (Section 3.1 )	Is the identity of the pest established, or has it been shown to produce consistent symptoms and to be transmissible?	Is the identity of the pest established, or has it been shown to produce consistent symptoms and to be transmissible?	Is the identity of the pest established, or has it been shown to produce consistent symptoms and to be transmissible?
Absence/presence of the pest in the EU territory (Section 3.2 )	Is the pest present in the EU territory? If present, is the pest widely distributed within the EU? Describe the pest distribution briefly!	Is the pest present in the EU territory? If not, it cannot be a protected zone quarantine organism.	Is the pest present in the EU territory? If not, it cannot be a RNQP. (A regulated non‐quarantine pest must be present in the risk assessment area).
Regulatory status (Section 3.3 )	If the pest is present in the EU but not widely distributed in the risk assessment area, it should be under official control or expected to be under official control in the near future.	The protected zone system aligns with the pest‐free area system under the International Plant Protection Convention (IPPC). The pest satisfies the IPPC definition of a quarantine pest that is not present in the risk assessment area (i.e. protected zone).	Is the pest regulated as a quarantine pest? If currently regulated as a quarantine pest, are there grounds to consider its status could be revoked?
Pest potential for entry, establishment and spread in the EU territory (Section 3.4 )	Is the pest able to enter into, become established in, and spread within, the EU territory? If yes, briefly list the pathways!	Is the pest able to enter into, become established in, and spread within, the protected zone areas? Is entry by natural spread from EU areas where the pest is present possible?	Is spread mainly via specific plants for planting, rather than via natural spread or via movement of plant products or other objects? Clearly state if plants for planting is the main pathway!
Potential for consequences in the EU territory (Section 3.5 )	Would the pests’ introduction have an economic or environmental impact on the EU territory?	Would the pests’ introduction have an economic or environmental impact on the protected zone areas?	Does the presence of the pest on plants for planting have an economic impact as regards the intended use of those plants for planting?
Available measures (Section 3.6 )	Are there measures available to prevent the entry into, establishment within or spread of the pest within the EU such that the risk becomes mitigated?	Are there measures available to prevent the entry into, establishment within or spread of the pest within the protected zone areas such that the risk becomes mitigated? Is it possible to eradicate the pest in a restricted area within 24 months (or a period longer than 24 months where the biology of the organism so justifies) after the presence of the pest was confirmed in the protected zone?	Are there measures available to prevent pest presence on plants for planting such that the risk becomes mitigated?
Conclusion of pest categorisation (Section 4 )	A statement as to whether (1) all criteria assessed by EFSA above for consideration as a potential quarantine pest were met and (2) if not, which one(s) were not met.	A statement as to whether (1) all criteria assessed by EFSA above for consideration as potential protected zone quarantine pest were met, and (2) if not, which one(s) were not met.	A statement as to whether (1) all criteria assessed by EFSA above for consideration as a potential RNQP were met, and (2) if not, which one(s) were not met.

Genus, Virus	Acronym	Is the identity of the pests established, or have they been shown to produce consistent symptoms and to be transmissible?	Rationale
Begomovirus
Chilli leaf curl virus	ChiLCV	Yes	Approved species, family Geminiviridae
Papaya leaf crumple virus	PaLCrV	Yes	Approved species, family Geminiviridae
Potato yellow mosaic virus	PYMV	Yes	Approved species, family Geminiviridae
Tomato leaf curl New Delhi virus	ToLCNDV	Yes	Approved species, family Geminiviridae
Tomato mosaic Havana virus	ToMHaV	Yes	Approved species, family Geminiviridae
Tomato mottle Taino virus	ToMoTV	Yes	Approved species, family Geminiviridae
Tomato severe rugose virus	ToSRV	Yes	Approved species, family Geminiviridae
Tomato yellow vein streak virus	ToYVSV	Yes	Approved species, family Geminiviridae
Carlavirus
Potato latent virus	PotLV	Yes	Approved species, family Betaflexiviridae
Potato virus H	PVH	Yes	Approved species, family Betaflexiviridae
Potato virus P	PVP	Yes	Approved species, family Betaflexiviridae
Red clover vein mosaic virus	RCVMV	Yes	Approved species, family Betaflexiviridae
Cheravirus
Arracacha virus B	AVB	Yes	Approved species, family Secoviridae
Comovirus
Andean potato mottle virus	APMoV	Yes	Approved species, family Comovirinae
Crinivirus
Cucurbit yellow stunting disorder virus	CYSDV	Yes	Approved species, family Closteroviridae
Potato yellow vein virus	PYVV	Yes	Approved species, family Closteroviridae
Tomato chlorosis virus	ToCV	Yes	Approved species, family Closteroviridae
Ilarvirus
Potato yellowing virus	PYV	Yes	Tentative species in genus Ilarvirus, family Bromoviridae (Valkonen et al., 1992; Silvestre et al., 2011)
Nepovirus
Potato black ringspot virus	PBRSV	Yes	Approved species, family Secoviridae
Potato virus B	PVB	Yes	Approved species, family Secoviridae
Potato virus U	PVU	Yes	Approved species, family Secoviridae
Nucleorhabdovirus
Potato yellow dwarf virus	PYDV	Yes	Approved species, family Rhabdoviridae
Pomovirus
Colombian potato soil‐borne virus	CPSbV	Yes	Approved species, family Virgaviridae
Potexvirus
Papaya mosaic virus	PapMV	Yes	Approved species, family Alphaflexiviridae
Potato aucuba mosaic virus	PAMV	Yes	Approved species, family Alphaflexiviridae
Potyvirus
Tobacco vein banding mosaic virus	TVBMV	Yes	Approved species, family Potyviridae
Wild potato mosaic virus	WPMV	Yes	Approved species, family Potyviridae
Tepovirus
Potato virus T	PVT	Yes	Approved species, family Betaflexiviridae
Tymovirus
Andean potato latent virus	APLV	Yes	Approved species, family Tymoviridea
Andean potato mild mosaic virus	APMMV	Yes	Approved species, family Tymoviridea
Unassigned
Solanum apical leaf curling virus	SALCV	Yes	The identity is not established, but the virus has been shown to be transmissible and to produce consistent symptoms (Hooker et al., 1983, 1985)
SB26/29	SB26/29	Yes	The identity is not established, but the virus has been shown to be transmissible and to produce consistent symptoms (Tenorio et al., 2003)
SB41	SB41	Yes	The identity is not established, but the virus has been shown to be transmissible and to produce consistent symptoms (Salazar, 2006)

Genus, Acronym	Seed transmission	Rationale and/or uncertainty	Vector transmission	Rationale and/or uncertainty
Begomovirus
ChiLCV	No	Not reported. Begomoviruses are phloem‐limited viruses and therefore generally considered not seed‐transmitted, with a few possible exceptions (Mink, 1993; Bos, 1999)	Yes	Reported to be persistently transmitted by Bemisia tabaci (Senanayake et al., 2012; Rosen et al., 2015)
PaLCrV	No	Not reported. Begomoviruses are phloem‐limited viruses and therefore generally considered not seed‐transmitted, with a few possible exceptions (Mink, 1993; Bos, 1999)	Yes	Reported to be persistently transmitted by Bemisia tabaci (Saxena et al., 1998; Rosen et al., 2015; Varun et al., 2017)
PYMV	No	Not reported. Begomoviruses are phloem‐limited viruses and therefore generally considered not seed‐transmitted, with a few possible exceptions (Mink, 1993; Bos, 1999)	Yes	Reported to be persistently transmitted by Bemisia tabaci (Morales et al., 2001; Rosen et al., 2015)
ToLCNDV	Cannot be excluded	Not reported in potato, but one study reported a ToLCNDV strain to be seed transmitted in chayote (Sechium edule) (Sangeetha et al., 2018)	Yes	Reported to be persistently transmitted by Bemisia tabaci (Rosen et al., 2015; Ruiz et al., 2017)
ToMHaV	No	Not reported. Begomoviruses are phloem‐limited viruses and therefore generally considered not seed‐transmitted, with a few possible exceptions (Mink, 1993; Bos, 1999)	Yes	Reported to be persistently transmitted by Bemisia tabaci (Rosen et al., 2015; Moriones et al., 2017)
ToMoTV	No	Not reported. Begomoviruses are phloem‐limited viruses and therefore generally considered not seed‐transmitted, with a few possible exceptions (Mink, 1993; Bos, 1999)	Yes	Reported to be persistently transmitted by Bemisia tabaci (Ramos et al., 1997; Cordero et al., 2003; Rosen et al., 2015)
ToSRV	No	Not reported. Begomoviruses are phloem‐limited viruses and therefore generally considered not seed‐transmitted, with a few possible exceptions (Mink, 1993; Bos, 1999)	Yes	Reported to be persistently transmitted by Bemisia tabaci (Macedo et al., 2015; Rosen et al., 2015)
ToYVSV	No	Not reported. Begomoviruses are phloem‐limited viruses and therefore generally considered not seed‐transmitted, with a few possible exceptions (Mink, 1993; Bos, 1999)	Yes	Reported to be persistently transmitted by Bemisia tabaci (Ribeiro et al., 2006; Rosen et al., 2015)
Carlavirus
PotLV	Cannot be excluded	Not reported, but RCVMV, another carlavirus, is seed‐transmitted (see references below)	Yes	Reported to be non‐persistently transmitted by Myzus persicae (Brattey et al., 2002; Pirone and Perry, 2002)
PVH	Cannot be excluded	Not reported, but RCVMV, another carlavirus, is seed‐transmitted (see references below).	Cannot be excluded	Not reported, but other carlaviruses are non‐persistently transmitted by aphids (ICTV 2011) (Matthews, 1991)
PVP	Cannot be excluded	Not reported, but RCVMV, another carlavirus, is seed‐transmitted (see references below)	Cannot be excluded	Not reported, but other non‐persistently carlaviruses are transmitted by aphids (ICTV 2011; Matthews, 1991)
RCVMV	Cannot be excluded	Not reported in potato but seed transmission is reported in Trifolium pratense and Vicia faba and Pisum sativum (Sander, 1959; Kraft et al., 1998)	Yes	Reported to be non‐persistently transmitted by several aphid species including Myzus persicae (Weber and Hampton, 1980; Fletcher et al., 2016)
Cheravirus
AVB	Yes	Reported in potato (Jones, 1982)	Cannot be excluded	Not reported, but CRLV, another cheravirus, is transmitted by nematode vectors (see references below)
Comovirus
APMoV	Cannot be excluded	Reported not to be seed transmitted in potato (Fribourg et al., 1979) but seed transmission is reported for other comoviruses (ICTV, 2012)	Cannot be excluded	Not reported (Fribourg et al., 1979), but other comoviruses are transmitted by beetles (Gergerich and Scott, 1996)
Crinivirus
CYSDV	No	Not reported and seed transmission is not reported for other criniviruses (ICTV, 2012; Wintermantel et al., 2016)	Yes	Reported to be semi‐persistently transmitted by Bemisia tabaci (Tzanetakis et al., 2013; Wintermantel et al., 2016).
PYVV	No	Not reported and seed transmission is not reported for other criniviruses (Mink, 1993; ICTV, 2012)	Yes	Reported to be semi‐persistently transmitted by Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Salazar et al., 2000; Tzanetakis et al., 2013; Cuadros et al., 2017)
ToCV	No	Not reported and seed transmission is not reported for other criniviruses (Mink, 1993; ICTV, 2012)	Yes	Reported to be semi‐persistently transmitted by Bemisia tabaci, Trialeurodes abutiloneus and Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Navas‐Castillo et al., 2000; Tzanetakis et al., 2013; Shi et al., 2018)
Ilarvirus
PYV	Cannot be excluded	Not reported in potato, but reported in Solanum brevidens (Valkonen et al., 1992).	Yes	Reported to be non‐persistently transmitted by Myzus persicae (Valkonen et al., 1992)
Nepovirus
PBRSV	Yes	Reported in potato (Jones, 1982)	Cannot be excluded	Not reported, but other nepoviruses are often transmitted by nematodes (ICTV, 2012)
PVB	Cannot be excluded	Not reported, but seed transmission is reported for several other nepoviruses (Lister and Murant, 1967)	Cannot be excluded	Not reported, but other nepoviruses are often transmitted by nematodes (ICTV, 2012)
PVU	Cannot be excluded	Not reported in potato, but reported in Chenopodium amaranticolor and Chenopodium quinoa (Jones et al., 1983)	Cannot be excluded	Not reported, but other nepoviruses are often transmitted by nematodes (ICTV, 2012)
Nucleorhabdovirus
PYDV	Cannot be excluded	Not reported in potato. Reported not seed‐transmitted in Nicotiana rustica (Black, 1970), but seed transmission is reported for maize mosaic virus, another nucleorhabdovirus (Mink, 1993)	Yes	Reported to be persistently transmitted by Aceratagallia sanguinolenta and Agallia constricta (Black, 1934, 1943; Jackson et al., 2018)
Pomovirus
CPSbV	No	Seed transmission is not reported for pomoviruses (Mink, 1993; ICTV, 2012)	Cannot be excluded	Not reported, but other pomoviruses are transmitted by Spongospora subterranea (ICTV, 2012; Gil et al., 2016)
Potexvirus
PapMV	Cannot be excluded	Not reported, but seed transmission is reported for several other potexviruses (Mink, 1993)	Yes	Reported to be transmitted by several aphid species including Myzus persicae (Namba and Kawanish, 1966; Higa and Namba, 1971). PAMV, another potexvirus, only transmitted by Myzus persicae in the presence of a potyvirus.
PAMV	Cannot be excluded	Not reported, but seed transmission is reported for several other potexviruses (Mink, 1993)	Yes	Reported to be transmitted in a non‐persistent manner by Myzus persicae in the presence of a potyvirus providing a helper protein (Manoussopoulos, 2000, 2001; Pirone and Perry, 2002).
Potyvirus
TVBMV	Cannot be excluded	Reported not to be seed transmitted in Datura stramonium, Nicotiana tabacum cv White Burley and Solanum lycopersicum (Roggero et al., 2000), but seed transmission is reported for other potvyiruses (Revers and Garcia, 2015).	Cannot be excluded	Not reported, but other potyviruses are reported to be transmitted by aphids (Revers and Garcia, 2015)
WPMV	Cannot be excluded	Not reported, but seed transmission is reported for other potyviruses (Revers and Garcia, 2015)	Yes	Reported to be non‐persistently transmitted by Myzus persicae (Jones and Fribourg, 1979; Jeffries, 1998).
Tepovirus
PVT	Yes	Reported in potato (Salazar and Harrison, 1978b; Jones, 1982)	No	Not reported. Reported not to be transmitted by Myzus persicae or Macrosiphum euphorbiae (Salazar and Harrison, 1978b). PVT does not have the nucleic acid binding protein generally seen in vector‐transmitted Betaflexiviridae. (ICTV 2012)
Tymovirus
APLV	Yes	Reported in potato (Fribourg et al., 1977b)	Yes	Reported to be transmitted by Epitrix sp. (Jones and Fribourg, 1977).
APMMV	Cannot be excluded	Not reported, but formerly considered as an isolate (APLV‐Hu) of APLV, for which seed transmission in potato is reported (Kreuze et al., 2013).	Cannot be excluded	Not reported, but formerly considered as an isolate (APLV‐Hu) of APLV, which is transmitted by Epitrix sp. (Kreuze et al., 2013).
Unassigned
SALCV	Transmission mechanism(s) cannot be evaluated. No information is available on the natural transmission and no close relative is known which could be used to propose an evaluation.
SB26/29	Seed transmission cannot be evaluated. No information is available on the transmission by seeds of SB26/29 and no close relative is known which could be used to propose an evaluation.		Yes	Reported to be transmitted by Russelliana solanicola (Tenorio et al., 2003).
SB41	Transmission mechanism(s) cannot be evaluated. No information is available on the natural transmission and no close relative is known which could be used to propose an evaluation.

Genus, Acronym	Method available?	Key reference	Rationale and/or uncertaintya
Begomovirus
ChiLCV	Yes	(Khan et al., 2013; Al‐Shihi et al., 2014)	Genus‐specific molecular detection, identification by sequencing
PaLCrV	Yes	(Rojas et al., 1993; Jaidi et al., 2015)	Genus‐specific molecular detection, identification by sequencing
PYMV	Yes	(Deng et al., 1994; Wyatt and Brown, 1996; Li et al., 2004)	Genus‐specific molecular detection, identification by sequencing
ToLCNDV	Yes	(Deng et al., 1994; Wyatt and Brown, 1996; Li et al., 2004)	ELISA detection reagent set commercially available. Genus‐specific molecular detection, identification by sequencing
ToMHaV	Yes	(Rojas et al., 1993; Deng et al., 1994; Monger et al., 2008)	Genus‐specific molecular detection, identification by sequencing. Specific primers are also available, but there is uncertainty on their inclusivity
ToMoTV	Yes	(Deng et al., 1994; Wyatt and Brown, 1996; Li et al., 2004)	Genus‐specific molecular detection, identification by sequencing
ToSRV	Yes	(Deng et al., 1994; Wyatt and Brown, 1996; Li et al., 2004)	Genus‐specific molecular detection, identification by sequencing
ToYVSV	Yes	(Rojas et al., 1993; Ribeiro et al., 2006)	Genus‐specific molecular detection, identification by sequencing
Carlavirus
PotLV	Yes	(Nie et al., 2008)	ELISA detection reagent set commercially available. Genus‐specific molecular detection, identification by sequencing
PVH	Yes	(Li et al., 2013)	Specific primers are available, but there is uncertainty on their inclusivity
PVP	Yes	(Massa et al., 2006; Nisbet et al., 2006)	Absence of a proven protocol. Antiserum not commercially available, but genomic sequence is available for the design of diagnostic primers
RCVMV	Yes	(Fletcher et al., 2016; Al‐Shahwan et al., 2017)	Specific primers are available, but there is uncertainty on their inclusivity
Cheravirus
AVB	Yes	(Schroeder and Weidemann, 1990; Tang, 2016)	ELISA detection reagent set commercially available. Specific primers are available, but there is uncertainty on their inclusivity
Comovirus
APMoV	Yes	(Salazar and Harrison, 1978c)	ELISA detection reagent set commercially available
Crinivirus
CYSDV	Yes	(Boubourakas et al., 2006; Orfanidou et al., 2019)	Specific primers are available, but there is uncertainty on their inclusivity
PYVV	Yes	(Lopez et al., 2006)	Specific primers are available, but there is uncertainty on their inclusivity
ToCV	Yes	(EPPO diagnostic protocol PM 7/118 (1), 2013)	No uncertainty
Ilarvirus
PYV	Yes	(Untiveros et al., 2010; Tang, 2016)	Genus‐specific molecular detection, identification by sequencing
Nepovirus
PBRSV	Yes	(Wei and Clover, 2008)	ELISA detection reagent set commercially available
PVB	Yes	(Wei and Clover, 2008; De Souza et al., 2017)	Genus‐specific molecular detection, identification by sequencing. Genomic sequence is available for the design of diagnostic primers
PVU	Yes	(Adams et al., 2018b)	Genomic sequence is available for the design of diagnostic primers
Nucleorhabdovirus
PYDV	Yes	(Ghosh et al., 2008)	Genomic sequence is available for the design of diagnostic primers
Pomovirus
CPSbV	Yes	(Gil et al., 2016)	Genomic sequence is available for the design of diagnostic primers
Potexvirus
PapMV	Yes	(van der Vlugt and Berendsen, 2002)	ELISA detection reagent set commercially available. Detection of other viruses in the genus using a generic RT‐PCR which is not tested for PapMV
PAMV	Yes	(van der Vlugt and Berendsen, 2002)	ELISA detection reagent set commercially available. Genus‐specific molecular detection, identification by sequencing
Potyvirus
TVBMV	Yes	(Chen et al., 2001; Wang et al., 2017)	ELISA detection reagent set commercially available. Genus‐specific molecular detection, identification by sequencing
WPMV	Yes	(Spetz and Valkonen, 2003; Spetz et al., 2003)	Genomic sequence is available for the design of diagnostic primers
Tepovirus
PVT	Yes	(Russo et al., 2009)	ELISA detection reagent set commercially available. Genomic sequence is available for the design of diagnostic primers
Tymovirus
APLV	Yes	(EPPO diagnostic protocol PM7/132(1), 2018)	No uncertainty
APMMV	Yes	(EPPO diagnostic protocol PM7/132(1), 2018)	No uncertainty
Unassigned
SALCV	Yes	(Hooker and Salazar, 1983; Hooker et al., 1985)	Bioassay and serological test are reported, uncertainty whether the antiserum is still available. No molecular method is available
SB26/29	Yes	(Tenorio et al., 2003)	Bioassay reported. No other method available
SB41	Yes	(Salazar, 2006)	Bioassay reported. No other method available

Genus, Acronym	Distributiona	Distribution map
Begomovirus
ChiLCV	Literature: Asia: India, Pakistan, Oman (Senanayake et al., 2012; Al‐Shihi et al., 2014) NCBI GenBank: Asia: Sri Lanka	Not available
PaLCrV	Literature: Africa: South Africa (Varun et al., 2017) America: Caribbean islands, Costa Rica, Hawaii, Florida, Mexico (Noa‐Carrazana et al., 2006; Varun et al., 2017) Asia: India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines (Jaidi et al., 2015; Varun et al., 2017) Oceania: Australia (Varun et al., 2017) NCBI GenBank: Asia: Pakistan	Not available
PYMV	CABI cpc: America: Grenada Literature: America: Guadeloupe, Trinidad, Puerto Rico, Martinique, Venezuela (Roberts et al., 1986; Urbino et al., 2004; Romay et al., 2016) NCBI GenBank: America: Dominican Republic, Colombia	CABI map, Appendix A.1.
ToLCNDV	EPPO global database: Africa: Morocco, Seychelles, Tunisia Asia: Bangladesh, India, Indonesia, Pakistan, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Thailand CABI cpc: Asia: Iran	EPPO map, Appendix A.2
ToMHaV	EPPO global database: America: Cuba, Honduras, Jamaica, Nicaragua NCBI GenBank: America: Guatemala	EPPO map, Appendix A.3
ToMoTV	EPPO global database: America: Cuba	EPPO map, Appendix A.4
ToSRV	CABI cpc: America: Brazil	CABI map, Appendix A.5
ToYVSV	EPPO global database: America: Brazil, Uruguay NCBI: America: Argentina, Bolivia, Chili	EPPO map, Appendix A.6
Carlavirus
PotLV	EPPO global database: America: United States of America NCBI GenBank: America: Canada	EPPO map, Appendix A.7
PVH	EPPO global database: Asia: Bangladesh, China	EPPO map, Appendix A.8
PVP	Literature America: Argentina, Brazil (Massa et al., 2006; Nisbet et al., 2006)	Not available
RCVMV	CABI cpc: America: Canada, United States of America Literature: Asia: Saudi Arabia (Al‐Shahwan et al., 2017) Oceania: New Zealand (Fletcher et al., 2016)	CABI map, Appendix A.9
Cheravirus
AVB	EPPO global database: America: Bolivia, Peru	EPPO map for AVB oca strain, Appendix A.10
Comovirus
APMoV	EPPO global database: America: Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Honduras, Nicaragua, Peru CABI cpc: America: Argentina, Costa Rica Literature: America: United States of America, Mexico (Valverde, 1995)	EPPO map, Appendix A.11
Crinivirus
CYSDV	EPPO global database: Africa: Egypt, Morocco, Sudan, Tunisia America: Mexico, United States of America Asia: China, Iran, Israel, Jordan, Lebanon, Saudi Arabia, Syria, United Arab Emirates Europe (non‐EU): Turkey Literature: America: Florida (Polston et al., 2008) NCBI GenBank: America: Guatemala	EPPO map, Appendix A.12
PYVV	EPPO global database: America: Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Venezuela	EPPO map, Appendix A.13
ToCV	EPPO global database: Africa: Mauritius, Mayotte, Morocco, Nigeria, Réunion, South Africa, Sudan, Tunisia America: Brazil, Costa Rica, Cuba, Mexico, Puerto Rico, United States of America, Uruguay Asia: China, Israel, Japan, Jordan, Korea Republic, Lebanon, Saudi Arabia, Taiwan Europe (non‐EU): Turkey CABI cpc: Africa: Canary Islands	EPPO map, Appendix A.14
Ilarvirus
PYV	EPPO global database: America: Chile, Ecuador, Peru CABI cpc: America: Bolivia	EPPO map, Appendix A.15
Nepovirus
PBRSV	EPPO global database: America: Peru NCBI GenBank: Oceania: New Zealand	EPPO map, Appendix A.16
PVB	Literature: America: Peru (De Souza et al., 2017)	Not available
PVU	Literature: America: Peru (Adams et al., 2018b)	Not available
Nucleorhabdoviruss
PYDV	EPPO global database: America: United States of America CABI cpc: Asia: Saudi Arabia	EPPO map, Appendix A.17
Pomovirus
CPSbV	Literature: America: Colombia (Gil et al., 2016)	Not available
Potexvirus
PapMV	EPPO global database: Africa: Tanzania America: Dominica, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Trinidad and Tobago, United States of America, Venezuela Oceania: Guam CABI cpc: Asia: India, Philippines America: Brazil, Mexico	EPPO map, Appendix A.18
PAMV	CABI cpc: Oceania: New Zealand Literature: Probably distributed worldwide, but not common (Loebenstein et al., 2001) Asia: China (Wu et al., 2018) America: United States of America (Susaimuthu et al., 2007) NCBI GenBank: Asia: Bangladesh, India, Japan	CABI map, Appendix A.19
Potyvirus
TVBMV	Literature: Asia: China (Geng et al., 2014), Japan (INRA, 2013), Taiwan (Yuan et al., 2012) America: United States of America (Reddick et al., 1992)	Not available
WPMV	Literature: America: Peru (Jones and Fribourg, 1979)	Not available
Tepovirus
PVT	EPPO global database: America: Bolivia, Brazil, Peru NCBI GenBank: America: Chile	EPPO map, Appendix A.20
Tymovirus
APLV	EPPO global database: America: Argentina, Bolivia, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru	EPPO map, Appendix A.21
APMMV	EPPO global database: America: Bolivia, Peru	EPPO map, Appendix A.22
Unassigned
SALCV	Literature: America: Peru (Hooker and Salazar, 1983)	Not available
SB26/29	Literature: America: Peru (Tenorio et al., 2003)	Not available
SB41	Literature: America: Andes region (Salazar, 2006)	Not available

Genus Acronyma	Reported in EU MSsb
Begomovirus
ToLCNDV	EPPO global database: Present, few occurrences: Greeced Present, restricted distribution: Estoniad, Italy (Sicilia), Spain Present, no details: Italy (Sardegna)
Carlavirus
RCVMVc	CABI cpc: Present: Germany, Lithuania, Netherlands Literature: Italy, United Kingdom (Freeman, 2008)
Crinivirus
CYSDVc	EPPO global database: Present, widespread: Cyprus Present, few occurrences: Italy Present, restricted distribution: Greece, Portugal, Spain Present, no details: Greece (Kriti)
ToCV	EPPO global database: Transient, under eradication: Netherlands, United Kingdom Present, few occurrences: Hungary, Spain Present, restricted distribution: Cyprus, France, Greece, Italy, Portugal, Spain Present, no details: Italy
Potexvirus
PAMVc	Literature: Probably distributed worldwide, but not common (Loebenstein et al., 2001), United Kingdom (Fox et al., 2016)

Annex I, Part A	Harmful organisms whose introduction into, and spread within, all member states shall be banned
Section I	Harmful organisms not known to occur in any part of the community and relevant for the entire community
(d)	Viruses and virus‐like organisms
2.	Potato viruses and virus‐like organisms such as: (a) Andean potato latent virus (b) Andean potato mottle virus (c) Arracacha virus B, oca strain (d) Potato black ringspot virus (f) Potato virus T
6.	Viruses transmitted by Bemisia tabaci Genn., such as: (a) Bean golden mosaic virus (b) Cowpea mild mottle virus (c) Lettuce infectious yellows virus (d) Pepper mild tigré virus (e) Squash leaf curl virus (f) Euphorbia mosaic virus (g) Florida tomato virus

Annex III, Part A	Plants, plant products and other objects the introduction of which shall be prohibited in all Member States
	Description	Country of origin
10.	Tubers of Solanum tuberosum L., seed potatoes	Third countries other than Switzerland
11.	Plants of stolon‐ or tuber‐forming species of Solanum L. or their hybrids, intended for planting, other than those tubers of Solanum tuberosum L. as specified under Annex III A (10)	Third countries
12.	Tubers of species of Solanum L., and their hybrids, other than those specified in points 10 and 11	Without prejudice to the special requirements applicable to the potato tubers listed in Annex IV, Part A Section I, third countries other than Algeria, Egypt, Israel, Libya, Morocco, Syria, Switzerland, Tunisia and Turkey, and other than European third countries which are either recognised as being free from Clavibacter michiganensis ssp. sepedonicus (Spieckermann and Kotthoff) Davis et al., in accordance with the procedure referred to in Article 18(2), or in which provisions recognised as equivalent to the Community provisions on combating Clavibacter michiganensis ssp. sepedonicus (Spieckermann and Kotthoff) Davis et al. in accordance with the procedure referred to in Article 18(2), have been complied with

Genus, Acronym	Uncertainty on potato as host	Other hostsa	Uncertainty on other hosts	Regulation addressing other host plants
Begomovirus
ChiLCV	One report in potato (Mubin et al., 2009) and one NCBI GenBank accession from potato (FM179613)	Literature: Capsicum annuum, Petunia x hybrida, Solanum lycopersicum (Al‐Shihi et al., 2014)	Narrow host range reported, additional natural hosts may exist	Capsicum sp.: IVAI 16.6, 25.7, 36.3, IVAII 18.6.1, 18.7; VBI 1,3. Solanum sp.: IIIA 10,11,12; IVAI 25.1, 25.2, 25.3, 25.4, 25.4.1, 25.4.2, 25.5, 25.6, 25.7, 25.7.1, 25.7.2, 28.1, 36.2, 45.3, 48; IVAII 18.1, 18.1.1, 18.2, 18.3, 18.3.1, 18.4, 18.5, 18.6, 18.6.1, 18.7, 26.1, 27; IVBI 20.1, 20.2; VAI 1.3, 2.4; VAII 1.5; VBI 1, 3, 4. Solanaceae: IIIA 13
PaLCrV	Reported only in one GenBank accession (KY216071)	Literature: Andrographis paniculata, Carica papaya, Glycine max, Solanum nigrum (Jaidi et al., 2015)	Narrow host range reported, additional natural hosts may exist	Solanum sp.: IIIA 10,11,12; IVAI 25.1, 25.2, 25.3, 25.4, 25.4.1, 25.4.2, 25.5, 25.6, 25.7, 25.7.1, 25.7.2, 28.1, 36.2, 45.3, 48; IVAII 18.1, 18.1.1, 18.2, 18.3, 18.3.1, 18.4, 18.5, 18.6, 18.6.1, 18.7, 26.1, 27; IVBI 20.1, 20.2; VAI 1.3, 2.4; VAII 1.5; VBI 1, 3, 4.
PYMV	Rare on potato (Geraud‐Pouey et al., 2016)	Literature: Solanum americanum, Solanum lycopersicum, Solanum pimpinellifolium (Romay et al., 2016)	Narrow host range reported, additional natural hosts may exist	Solanum sp.: IIIA 10,11,12; IVAI 25.1, 25.2, 25.3, 25.4, 25.4.1, 25.4.2, 25.5, 25.6, 25.7, 25.7.1, 25.7.2, 28.1, 36.2, 45.3, 48; IVAII 18.1, 18.1.1, 18.2, 18.3, 18.3.1, 18.4, 18.5, 18.6, 18.6.1, 18.7, 26.1, 27; IVBI 20.1, 20.2; VAI 1.3, 2.4; VAII 1.5; VBI 1, 3, 4.
ToLCNDV	No uncertainty	EPPO global database: Major: Benincasa hispida, Capsicum annuum, Capsicum frutescens, Citrullus lanatus, Cucumis melo, Cucumis sativus, Cucurbita moschata, Cucurbita pepo, Lagenaria siceraria, Luffa cylindrica, Momordica charantia, Solanum lycopersicum Minor: Glycine max, Gossypium hirsutum, Solanum melongena Incidental: Carica papaya, Hibiscus cannabinus, Papaver somniferum Wild/weed: Calotropis procera, Eclipta prostrata CABI cpc: Daucus carota	ToLCNDV has a wide natural host range; it is unlikely that all natural hosts have been identified	Capsicum sp.: IVAI 16.6, 25.7, 36.3, IVAII 18.6.1, 18.7; VBI 1,3. Cucumis sp.: VAI 2.1. Momordica sp.: IVAI 36.2; VBI 3. Solanum sp.: IIIA 10,11,12; IVAI 25.1, 25.2, 25.3, 25.4, 25.4.1, 25.4.2, 25.5, 25.6, 25.7, 25.7.1, 25.7.2, 28.1, 36.2, 45.3, 48; IVAII 18.1, 18.1.1, 18.2, 18.3, 18.3.1, 18.4, 18.5, 18.6, 18.6.1, 18.7, 26.1, 27; IVBI 20.1, 20.2; VAI 1.3, 2.4; VAII 1.5; VBI 1, 3, 4. Gossypium sp.: IVB 28, 28.1; VAII 1.8, 1.9; VBII 6. Hibiscus sp.: IVAI 45.1; IVB 24.3; VAII 2.1. Daucus sp.: IVB 22.
ToMHaV	Reported only in five GenBank accessions (HE820051, HE820052, HE820053, HE820054, HE820055)	CABI cpc: Solanum lycopersicum	Narrow host range reported, only Nicotiana benthamiana reported as experimental host (Monger et al., 2008). Additional natural host may exist	Solanum sp.: IIIA 10,11,12; IVAI 25.1, 25.2, 25.3, 25.4, 25.4.1, 25.4.2, 25.5, 25.6, 25.7, 25.7.1, 25.7.2, 28.1, 36.2, 45.3, 48; IVAII 18.1, 18.1.1, 18.2, 18.3, 18.3.1, 18.4, 18.5, 18.6, 18.6.1, 18.7, 26.1, 27; IVBI 20.1, 20.2; VAI 1.3, 2.4; VAII 1.5; VBI 1, 3, 4.
ToMoTV	Reported only once in potato (Cordero et al., 2003)	EPPO global database: Major: Solanum lycopersicum Literature: Nicotiana	Narrow host range reported, additional natural hosts may exist	Nicotiana sp.: IVAI 25.7; IVAII 18.7. Solanum sp.: IIIA 10,11,12; IVAI 25.1, 25.2, 25.3, 25.4, 25.4.1, 25.4.2, 25.5, 25.6, 25.7, 25.7.1, 25.7.2, 28.1, 36.2, 45.3, 48; IVAII 18.1, 18.1.1, 18.2, 18.3, 18.3.1, 18.4, 18.5, 18.6, 18.6.1, 18.7, 26.1, 27; IVBI 20.1, 20.2; VAI 1.3, 2.4; VAII 1.5; VBI 1, 3, 4.
ToSRV	No uncertainty	CABI cpc: Glycine max Literature: Capsicum annuum, Nicandra physaloides, Phaseolus vulgaris, Solanum lycopersicum, Solanum melongena (Barbosa et al., 2009; Macedo et al., 2017; Moura et al., 2018)	Narrow host range reported, additional natural hosts may exist	Capsicum sp.: IVAI 16.6, 25.7, 36.3, IVAII 18.6.1, 18.7; VBI 1,3. Phaseolus sp.: IVAI 51; IVAII 29; VAI 2.4; VAII 1.8; VBI 1; VBII 5. Solanum sp.: IIIA 10,11,12; IVAI 25.1, 25.2, 25.3, 25.4, 25.4.1, 25.4.2, 25.5, 25.6, 25.7, 25.7.1, 25.7.2, 28.1, 36.2, 45.3, 48; IVAII 18.1, 18.1.1, 18.2, 18.3, 18.3.1, 18.4, 18.5, 18.6, 18.6.1, 18.7, 26.1, 27; IVBI 20.1, 20.2; VAI 1.3, 2.4; VAII 1.5; VBI 1, 3, 4. Solanaceae: IIIA 13
ToYVSV	No uncertainty	EPPO global database: Major: Solanum lycopersicum Literature: Phaseolus vulgaris (Morales and Anderson, 2001)	Narrow host range reported, additional natural hosts may exist	Solanum sp.: IIIA 10,11,12; IVAI 25.1, 25.2, 25.3, 25.4, 25.4.1, 25.4.2, 25.5, 25.6, 25.7, 25.7.1, 25.7.2, 28.1, 36.2, 45.3, 48; IVAII 18.1, 18.1.1, 18.2, 18.3, 18.3.1, 18.4, 18.5, 18.6, 18.6.1, 18.7, 26.1, 27; IVBI 20.1, 20.2; VAI 1.3, 2.4; VAII 1.5; VBI 1, 3, 4. Phaseolus sp.: IVAI 51; IVAII 29; VAI 2.4; VAII 1.8; VBI 1; VBII 5.
Carlavirus
PotLV	No uncertainty	No other hosts reported	Experimental hosts in different botanical families (Brattey et al., 2002). Additional natural hosts may exist	–
PVH	No uncertainty	Literature: Solanum muricatum (Abouelnasr et al., 2014)	Additional experimental Solanaceous hosts are reported (Li et al., 2013). Additional natural hosts may exist	Solanum sp.: IIIA 10,11,12; IVAI 25.1, 25.2, 25.3, 25.4, 25.4.1, 25.4.2, 25.5, 25.6, 25.7, 25.7.1, 25.7.2, 28.1, 36.2, 45.3, 48; IVAII 18.1, 18.1.1, 18.2, 18.3, 18.3.1, 18.4, 18.5, 18.6, 18.6.1, 18.7, 26.1, 27; IVBI 20.1, 20.2; VAI 1.3, 2.4; VAII 1.5; VBI 1, 3, 4.
PVP	No uncertainty	No other hosts reported	Experimental hosts in different botanical families are reported (Jeffries, 1998; Massa et al., 2006). Additional natural hosts may exist.	–
RCVMV	Reported only once in potato, based on only one identification technique (DAS‐ELISA) (Al‐Shahwan et al., 2017)	CABI cpc: Cicer arietinum, Medicago sativa, Phaseolus vulgaris, Pisum sativum, Trifolium pratense, Trifolium repens Literature: Lathyrus odoratus, Lens culinaris, Vicia faba (Freeman, 2008)	Mainly reported in legumes. Additional natural hosts may exist	Medicago sativa L.: IVAI 49.1, 49.2; IVAII 28.1, 28.2; VAI 2.4; VBI 1. Phaseolus sp.: IVAI 51; IVAII 29; VAI 2.4; VAII 1.8; VBI 1; VBII 5. Trifolium sp.: VBI 1.
Cheravirus
AVB	No uncertainty	EPPO global database (AVB‐oca strain): Minor: Oxalis tuberosa, Solanum CABI cpc: Arracacia xanthorrhiza	EPPO lists hosts for the oca strain of AVB, whereas CABI lists hosts for AVB. Experimental hosts in different botanical families are reported (Jones and Kenten, 1983). Additional natural hosts may exist.	Solanum sp.: IIIA 10,11,12; IVAI 25.1, 25.2, 25.3, 25.4, 25.4.1, 25.4.2, 25.5, 25.6, 25.7, 25.7.1, 25.7.2, 28.1, 36.2, 45.3, 48; IVAII 18.1, 18.1.1, 18.2, 18.3, 18.3.1, 18.4, 18.5, 18.6, 18.6.1, 18.7, 26.1, 27; IVBI 20.1, 20.2; VAI 1.3, 2.4; VAII 1.5; VBI 1, 3, 4.
Comovirus
APMoV	No uncertainty	EPPO global database: Minor: Capsicum frutescens, Solanum aethiopicum, Solanum melongena, Solanum sisymbriifolium CABI cpc: Capsicum annuum, Capsicum chinense, Datura stramonium, Nicandra physalodes, Nicotiana rustica	Narrow host range, only Solanaceous hosts reported. Additional natural hosts may exist.	Capsicum sp.: IVAI 16.6, 25.7, 36.3, IVAII 18.6.1, 18.7; VBI 1,3. Solanum sp.: IIIA 10,11,12; IVAI 25.1, 25.2, 25.3, 25.4, 25.4.1, 25.4.2, 25.5, 25.6, 25.7, 25.7.1, 25.7.2, 28.1, 36.2, 45.3, 48; IVAII 18.1, 18.1.1, 18.2, 18.3, 18.3.1, 18.4, 18.5, 18.6, 18.6.1, 18.7, 26.1, 27; IVBI 20.1, 20.2; VAI 1.3, 2.4; VAII 1.5; VBI 1, 3, 4. Nicotiana sp.: IVAI 25.7; IVAII 18.7. Solanaceae: IIIA 13
Crinivirus
CYSDV	Reported only once in potato (Orfanidou et al., 2019)	EPPO global database: Major: Citrullus lanatus, Cucumis melo, Cucumis sativus, Cucurbita pepo Minor: Cucurbitaceae Incidental: Lactuca sativa, Medicago sativa, Phaseolus vulgaris, Wild/weed: Amaranthus retroflexus, Bassia hyssopifolia, Chenopodium album, Malva neglecta, Malva parviflora, Malvella leprosa, Physalis acutifolia, Sisymbrium irio, Solanum elaeagnifolium, Sonchus sp. CABI cpc: Amaranthus blitum, Cucurbita moschata	CYSDV has a wide natural host range; it is unlikely that all natural hosts have been identified.	Cucumis sp.: VAI 2.1. Lactuca sp.: VAI 2.1. Medicago sativa L.: IVAI 49.1, 49.2; IVAII 28.1, 28.2; VAI 2.4; VBI 1. Phaseolus sp.: IVAI 51; IVAII 29; VAI 2.4; VAII 1.8; VBI 1; VBII 5. Solanum sp.: IIIA 10,11,12; IVAI 25.1, 25.2, 25.3, 25.4, 25.4.1, 25.4.2, 25.5, 25.6, 25.7, 25.7.1, 25.7.2, 28.1, 36.2, 45.3, 48; IVAII 18.1, 18.1.1, 18.2, 18.3, 18.3.1, 18.4, 18.5, 18.6, 18.6.1, 18.7, 26.1, 27; IVBI 20.1, 20.2; VAI 1.3, 2.4; VAII 1.5; VBI 1, 3, 4.
PYVV	No uncertainty	EPPO global database: Minor: Solanum Literature: Solanum lycopersicum (Muñoz Baena et al., 2017)	Narrow host range reported (Jeffries, 1998). Additional natural hosts may exist	Solanum sp.: IIIA 10,11,12; IVAI 25.1, 25.2, 25.3, 25.4, 25.4.1, 25.4.2, 25.5, 25.6, 25.7, 25.7.1, 25.7.2, 28.1, 36.2, 45.3, 48; IVAII 18.1, 18.1.1, 18.2, 18.3, 18.3.1, 18.4, 18.5, 18.6, 18.6.1, 18.7, 26.1, 27; IVBI 20.1, 20.2; VAI 1.3, 2.4; VAII 1.5; VBI 1, 3, 4.
ToCV	No uncertainty	EPPO global database: Major: Solanum lycopersicum Minor: Physalis peruviana, Physalis philadelphica, Solanum aethiopicum, Solanum melongena, Vigna unguiculata Incidental: Capsicum annuum, Cucurbita moschata, Nicotiana tabacum, Zinnia Wild/weed: Cardamine flexuosa, Cerastium glomeratum, Chenopodium album, Datura stramonium, Erigeron annuus, Erigeron canadensis, Ipomoea coccinea, Ipomoea hederacea, Mazus pumilus, Physalis angulata, Phytolacca americana, Phytolacca icosandra, Plantago major, Ruta chalepensis, Solanum americanum, Solanum nigrum, Solanum sisymbriifolium. Sonchus asper. Stellaria media, Trigonotis peduncularis, Vicia sativa subsp. Nigra, Vicia tetrasperma, Youngia japonica CABI cpc: Brassica, Eruca vesicaria, Nicotiana tabacum, Raphanus	ToCV has a wide natural host range; it is unlikely that all natural hosts have been identified.	Solanum sp.: IIIA 10,11,12; IVAI 25.1, 25.2, 25.3, 25.4, 25.4.1, 25.4.2, 25.5, 25.6, 25.7, 25.7.1, 25.7.2, 28.1, 36.2, 45.3, 48; IVAII 18.1, 18.1.1, 18.2, 18.3, 18.3.1, 18.4, 18.5, 18.6, 18.6.1, 18.7, 26.1, 27; IVBI 20.1, 20.2; VAI 1.3, 2.4; VAII 1.5; VBI 1, 3, 4. Capsicum sp.: IVAI 16.6, 25.7, 36.3, IVAII 18.6.1, 18.7; VBI 1,3. Brassica sp.: IVAII 24.1; IVB 22; VAI 2.1. Nicotiana sp.: IVAI 25.7; IVAII 18.7. Solanaceae: IIIA 13
Ilarvirus
PYV	No uncertainty	EPPO global database: Minor: Capsicum annuum, Solanum phureja Wild/weed: Solanum	Narrow host range reported (Jeffries, 1998). Additional natural hosts may exist	Capsicum sp.: IVAI 16.6, 25.7, 36.3, IVAII 18.6.1, 18.7; VBI 1,3. Solanum sp.: IIIA 10,11,12; IVAI 25.1, 25.2, 25.3, 25.4, 25.4.1, 25.4.2, 25.5, 25.6, 25.7, 25.7.1, 25.7.2, 28.1, 36.2, 45.3, 48; IVAII 18.1, 18.1.1, 18.2, 18.3, 18.3.1, 18.4, 18.5, 18.6, 18.6.1, 18.7, 26.1, 27; IVBI 20.1, 20.2; VAI 1.3, 2.4; VAII 1.5; VBI 1, 3, 4.
Nepovirus
PBRSV	No uncertainty	EPPO global database: Minor: Solanum Incidental: Arracacia xanthorrhiza, Artificial: Amaranthaceae CABI cpc: Oxalis tuberosa	Experimental hosts in different botanical families (Salazar and Harrison, 1978a; Jeffries, 1998). Additional natural hosts may exist	Solanum sp.: IIIA 10,11,12; IVAI 25.1, 25.2, 25.3, 25.4, 25.4.1, 25.4.2, 25.5, 25.6, 25.7, 25.7.1, 25.7.2, 28.1, 36.2, 45.3, 48; IVAII 18.1, 18.1.1, 18.2, 18.3, 18.3.1, 18.4, 18.5, 18.6, 18.6.1, 18.7, 26.1, 27; IVBI 20.1, 20.2; VAI 1.3, 2.4; VAII 1.5; VBI 1, 3, 4.
PVB	No uncertainty	No other host reported	Recently described virus, additional natural hosts may exist	–
PVU	Isolated once from potato and experimental transmission proved difficult, suggesting it might predominantly infect potato roots or that potato is only a minor host (Jones et al., 1983; Jeffries, 1998; Adams et al., 2018a)	No other host reported	Experimental hosts in different botanical families (Jeffries, 1998). Additional natural hosts may exist	–
Nucleorhabdovirus
PYDV	No uncertainty	EPPO global database: Incidental: Mirabilis jalapa, Nicotiana alata, Tagetes erecta, Zinnia elegans Wild/weed: Solanaceae, Solanum	Experimental hosts in different botanical families (Black, 1970). Additional natural hosts may exist.	Nicotiana sp.: IVAI 25.7; IVAII 18.7. Solanum sp.: IIIA 10,11,12; IVAI 25.1, 25.2, 25.3, 25.4, 25.4.1, 25.4.2, 25.5, 25.6, 25.7, 25.7.1, 25.7.2, 28.1, 36.2, 45.3, 48; IVAII 18.1, 18.1.1, 18.2, 18.3, 18.3.1, 18.4, 18.5, 18.6, 18.6.1, 18.7, 26.1, 27; IVBI 20.1, 20.2; VAI 1.3, 2.4; VAII 1.5; VBI 1, 3, 4.
Pomovirus
CPSbV	Reported once based on a baiting experiment using soil from potato fields (Gil et al., 2016).	Literature: Nicotiana benthamiana reported as host in the same baiting experiment	Poorly described virus, additional hosts may exist	Nicotiana sp.: IVAI 25.7; IVAII 18.7.
Potexvirus
PapMV	Reported only once in potato (Salazar, 2006)	EPPO global database: Major: Carica papaya Unclassified: Persea americana, Ullucus tuberosus	PapMV in Ullucus tuberosus was reported to be distinct from other PapMV isolates (Fox et al., 2019); therefore, U. tuberosus might not be a natural host. Narrow host range reported, additional natural hosts may exist	Persea sp.: IVAI 18; IVAII 11; VAI 2.3
PAMV	No uncertainty	Literature: Cyphomandra betacea (Mossop, 1982), Solanum jasminoides(Fox et al., 2016), Trifolium incarnatum, Trifolium subterraneum (Jeffries, 1998)	Experimental hosts in different botanical families (Bokx de, 1975; Jeffries, 1998). Additional natural hosts may exist.	Solanum sp.: IIIA 10,11,12; IVAI 25.1, 25.2, 25.3, 25.4, 25.4.1, 25.4.2, 25.5, 25.6, 25.7, 25.7.1, 25.7.2, 28.1, 36.2, 45.3, 48; IVAII 18.1, 18.1.1, 18.2, 18.3, 18.3.1, 18.4, 18.5, 18.6, 18.6.1, 18.7, 26.1, 27; IVBI 20.1, 20.2; VAI 1.3, 2.4; VAII 1.5; VBI 1, 3, 4. Trifolium sp.: VBI 1. Solanaceae: IIIA 13
Potyvirus
TVBMV	One report in potato (Geng et al., 2014) and one NCBI GenBank accession from potato (DQ917752)	Literature: Datura stramonium (Roggero et al., 2000), Nicotiana tabacum (Reddick et al., 1992; Habera et al., 1994), Sesamum indicum (Wang et al., 2017), Solanum torvum (Zhou et al., 2014)	Narrow host range reported, additional natural hosts may exist	Nicotiana sp.: IVAI 25.7; IVAII 18.7. Solanum sp.: IIIA 10,11,12; IVAI 25.1, 25.2, 25.3, 25.4, 25.4.1, 25.4.2, 25.5, 25.6, 25.7, 25.7.1, 25.7.2, 28.1, 36.2, 45.3, 48; IVAII 18.1, 18.1.1, 18.2, 18.3, 18.3.1, 18.4, 18.5, 18.6, 18.6.1, 18.7, 26.1, 27; IVBI 20.1, 20.2; VAI 1.3, 2.4; VAII 1.5; VBI 1, 3, 4. Solanaceae: IIIA 13
WPMV	No uncertainty	Literature: Solanum lycopersicum, Solanum muricatum (Jeffries, 1998; Fribourg et al., 2019)	Narrow host range reported, additional natural hosts may exist	Solanum sp.: IIIA 10,11,12; IVAI 25.1, 25.2, 25.3, 25.4, 25.4.1, 25.4.2, 25.5, 25.6, 25.7, 25.7.1, 25.7.2, 28.1, 36.2, 45.3, 48; IVAII 18.1, 18.1.1, 18.2, 18.3, 18.3.1, 18.4, 18.5, 18.6, 18.6.1, 18.7, 26.1, 27; IVBI 20.1, 20.2; VAI 1.3, 2.4; VAII 1.5; VBI 1, 3, 4.
Tepovirus
PVT	No uncertainty	EPPO global database: Wild/weed: Solanum CABI cpc: Oxalis tuberosa, Ullucus tuberosus Literature: Tropaeolum tuberosum (Lizárraga et al., 2000)	Experimental hosts in different botanical families (Salazar and Harrison, 1978c). Additional natural hosts may exist	Solanum sp.: IIIA 10,11,12; IVAI 25.1, 25.2, 25.3, 25.4, 25.4.1, 25.4.2, 25.5, 25.6, 25.7, 25.7.1, 25.7.2, 28.1, 36.2, 45.3, 48; IVAII 18.1, 18.1.1, 18.2, 18.3, 18.3.1, 18.4, 18.5, 18.6, 18.6.1, 18.7, 26.1, 27; IVBI 20.1, 20.2; VAI 1.3, 2.4; VAII 1.5; VBI 1, 3, 4.

Genus, Acronym	Plants for planting of other hostsa ^, b ^, c	Viruliferous vectorsa	Uncertainties
Begomovirus
ChiLCV	Pathway partially regulated: regulated and unregulated hosts exist	Pathway regulated: entry of Bemisia tabaci in the EU territory is banned (Annex IAI of Directive 2000/29/EC)	– Geographic distribution – Existence of other natural hosts
PaLCrV	Pathway partially regulated: regulated and unregulated hosts exist	Pathway regulated: entry of Bemisia tabaci in the EU territory is banned (Annex IAI of Directive 2000/29/EC)	– Geographic distribution – Existence of other natural hosts
PYMV	Pathway regulated: other natural hosts are regulated	Pathway regulated: entry of Bemisia tabaci in the EU territory is banned (Annex IAI of Directive 2000/29/EC)	– Geographic distribution – Existence of other natural hosts
ToLCNDV	Pathway partially regulated: wide host range with regulated and unregulated hosts	Pathway regulated: entry of Bemisia tabaci in the EU territory is banned (Annex IAI of Directive 2000/29/EC)	– Geographic distribution
ToMHaV	Pathway regulated: other natural hosts are regulated	Pathway regulated: entry of Bemisia tabaci in the EU territory is banned (Annex IAI of Directive 2000/29/EC)	– Geographic distribution – Existence of other natural hosts
ToMoTV	Pathway regulated: other natural hosts are regulated	Pathway regulated: entry of Bemisia tabaci in the EU territory is banned (Annex IAI of Directive 2000/29/EC)	– Geographic distribution – Existence of other natural hosts
ToSRV	Pathway partially regulated: regulated and unregulated hosts exist	Pathway regulated: entry of Bemisia tabaci in the EU territory is banned (Annex IAI of Directive 2000/29/EC)	– Geographic distribution – Existence of other natural hosts
ToYVSV	Pathway regulated: other natural hosts are regulated	Pathway regulated: entry of Bemisia tabaci in the EU territory is banned (Annex IAI of Directive 2000/29/EC)	– Geographic distribution – Existence of other natural hosts
Carlavirus
PotLV	Pathway possibly open: other natural hosts may exist	Pathway open: Myzus persicae not regulated and widespread	– Geographic distribution – Existence of other natural hosts – Relevance of the vector pathway; given the non‐persistent transmission mode, establishment would only be possible if the transfer occurs within a few hours of entry
PVH	Pathway regulated: other natural hosts are regulated	Pathway possibly open: possible vector transmission (aphids)	– Geographic distribution – Existence of other natural hosts – Existence and relevance of vectors
PVP	Pathway possibly open: other natural hosts may exist	Pathway possibly open: possible vector transmission (aphids)	– Geographic distribution – Existence of other natural hosts – Existence and relevance of vectors
RCVMV	Pathway partially regulated: wide host range with regulated and unregulated hosts	Pathway open: Myzus persicae not regulated and widespread	– Geographic distribution – Relevance of the vector pathway; given the non‐persistent transmission mode, establishment would only be possible if the transfer occurs within a few hours of entry
Cheravirus
AVB	Pathway partially regulated: regulated and unregulated hosts exist	Pathway possibly open: possible vector transmission (nematode)	– Geographic distribution – Existence of other natural hosts – Existence and relevance of vectors
Comovirus
APMoV	Pathway partially regulated: wide host range with regulated and unregulated hosts	Pathway possibly open: possible vector transmission (beetles)	– Geographic distribution – Existence and relevance of vectors
Crinivirus
CYSDV	Pathway partially regulated: wide host range with regulated and unregulated hosts	Pathway regulated: entry of Bemisia tabaci in the EU territory is banned (Annex IAI of Directive 2000/29/EC)	– Geographic distribution
PYVV	Pathway regulated: other natural hosts are regulated	Pathway open: Trialeurodes vaporariorum not regulated and widespread	– Geographic distribution – Existence of other natural hosts
ToCV	Pathway partially regulated: wide host range with regulated and unregulated hosts	Pathway regulated: entry of Bemisia tabaci in the EU territory is banned (Annex IAI)	– Geographic distribution
Ilarvirus
PYV	Pathway partially regulated: other natural hosts regulated, except for seeds of Solanaceous hosts	Pathway open: Myzus persicae not regulated and widespread	– Geographic distribution – Existence of other natural hosts – Seed transmission not proven – Relevance of the vector pathway; given the non‐persistent transmission mode, establishment would only be possible if the transfer occurs within a few hours of entry
Nepovirus
PBRSV	Pathway partially regulated: regulated and unregulated hosts exist	Pathway possibly open: possible vector transmission (nematodes)	– Geographic distribution – Existence of other natural hosts – Existence and relevance of vectors
PVB	Pathway possibly open: other natural hosts may exist	Pathway possibly open: possible vector transmission (nematodes)	– Geographic distribution – Existence of other natural hosts – Existence and relevance of vectors
PVU	Pathway possibly open: other natural hosts may exist	Pathway possibly open: possible vector transmission (nematodes)	– Geographic distribution – Existence of other natural hosts – Existence and relevance of vectors
Nucleorhabdovirus
PYDV	Pathway partially regulated: regulated and unregulated hosts exist	Pathway open: Aceratagallia sanguinolenta and Agallia constricta not regulated and reported in America (Natural museum Wales, 2019a,b)	– Geographic distribution – Existence of other natural hosts
Pomovirus
CPSbV	Pathway possibly open: other natural hosts may exist	Pathway possibly open: possible vector transmission (Spongospora subterranea)	– Geographic distribution – Existence of other natural hosts – Existence and relevance of vectors
Potexvirus
PapMV	Pathway partially regulated: regulated and unregulated hosts exist	Pathway open: Myzus persicae not regulated and widespread	– Geographic distribution – Existence of other natural hosts – Relevance of vectors
PAMV	Pathway partially regulated: other natural hosts regulated, except for seeds of Solanaceous hosts	Pathway open: Myzus persicae not regulated and widespread	– Geographic distribution – Existence of other natural hosts – Relevance of vectors
Potyvirus
TVBMV	Pathway partially regulated: regulated and unregulated hosts exist	Pathway possibly open: possible vector transmission (aphids)	– Geographic distribution – Existence of other natural hosts – Existence and relevance of vectors
WPMV	Pathway partially regulated: other natural hosts regulated, except for seeds of Solanaceous hosts	Pathway open: Myzus persicae not regulated and widespread	– Geographic distribution – Existence of other natural hosts – Relevance of the vector pathway; given the non‐persistent transmission mode, establishment would only be possible if the transfer occurs within a few hours of entry
Tepovirus
PVT	Pathway partially regulated: regulated and unregulated hosts exist	Not a pathway: no known vector	– Geographic distribution – Existence of other natural hosts

Member State*	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	Mean area grown with Solanum tuberosum (in 1 000 ha) during the period 2014–2018
European Union (EU28)	1,663	1,656	1,689	1,746	1,690	1,689
Poland	267	293	301	321	300	296
Germany	245	237	243	251	252	245
Romania	203	196	186	171	168	185
France	168	167	179	194	200	182
Netherlands	156	156	156	161	165	159
United Kingdom	141	129	139	145	121	135
Belgium	80	79	89	93	93	87
Spain	76	72	72	71	67	72
Italy	52	50	48	49	46	49
Denmark	20	42	46	50	52	42
Sweden	24	23	24	25	24	24
Portugal	27	25	23	24	21	24
Czechia	24	23	23	23	23	23
Austria	21	20	21	23	24	22
Lithuania	27	23	22	19	19	22
Finland	22	22	22	21	21	22
Greece	24	21	19	19	19	20
Hungary	21	19	16	15	13	17
Latvia	11	10	11	22	10	13
Bulgaria	10	11	8	13	14	11
Croatia	10	10	10	10	10	10

Countryb	2014 (tons)a	2015 (tons)a	2016 (tons)a	2017 (tons)a	2018 (tons)a	Average	%
Total non‐EU countries	288,063	306,178	377,150	430,285	362,440	352 823	100
Africa: Egypt Morocco Tunisia	119,657 8,844 5,051	151,334 5,668 745	157,821 13,194 1,040	220,899 11,010 879	179,752 4,076 832	165,893 8,558 1,710	47 2.4 0.5
Asia: Israel	150,503	143,404	191,746	177,886	168,505	166,408	47.2
Europe (non‐EU): Turkey Serbia	0 203	194 230	5,397 476	5,846 4,055	508 276	2,389 1,048	0.7 0.3

Annex IV, Part A	Special requirements which shall be laid down by all member states for the introduction and movement of plants, plant products and other objects into and within all Member States
Section I	Plants, plant products and other objects originating outside the Community
	Plants, plant products and other objects	Special requirements
25.1	Tubers of Solanum tuberosum L., originating in countries where Synchytrium endobioticum (Schilbersky) Percival is known to occur	Without prejudice to the prohibitions applicable to the tubers listed in Annex III(A) (10), (11) and (12), official statement that: (a) the tubers originate in areas known to be free from Synchytrium endobioticum (Schilbersky) Percival (all races other than Race 1, the common European race), and no symptoms of Synchytrium endobioticum (Schilbersky) Percival have been observed either at the place of production or in its immediate vicinity since the beginning of an adequate period; or (b) provisions recognised as equivalent to the Community provisions on combating Synchytrium endobioticum (Schilbersky) Percival in accordance with the procedure referred to in Article 18(2) have been complied with, in the country of origin
25.2.	Tubers of Solanum tuberosum L.	Without prejudice to the provisions listed in Annex (A) (10), (11) and (12) and Annex IV(A)(I) (25.1), official statement that: (a) the tubers originate in countries known to be free from Clavibacter michiganensis ssp. sepedonicus (Spieckermann and Kotthoff) Davis et al.; or (b) provisions recognised as equivalent to the Community provisions on combating Clavibacter michiganensis ssp. sepedonicus (Spieckermann and Kotthoff) Davis et al. in accordance with the procedure referred to in Article 18(2), have been complied with, in the country of origin
25.3.	Tubers of Solanum tuberosum L., other than early potatoes, originating in countries where Potato spindle tuber viroid is known to occur	Without prejudice to the provisions applicable to the tubers listed in Annex III(A) (10), (11) and (12) and Annex IV(A)(I) (25.1) and (25.2), suppression of the faculty of germination
25.4.	Tubers of Solanum tuberosum L., intended for planting	Without prejudice to the provisions applicable to the tubers listed in Annex III(A)(10), (11) and (12) and Annex IV(A)(I) (25.1), (25.2) and (25.3), official statement that the tubers originate from a field known to be free from Globodera rostochiensis (Wollenweber) Behrens and Globodera pallida (Stone) Behrens and (aa) either, the tubers originate in areas in which Ralstonia solanacearum (Smith) Yabuuchi et al. is known not to occur; or (bb) in areas where Ralstonia solanacearum (Smith) Yabuuchi et al. is known to occur, the tubers originate from a place of production found free from Ralstonia solanacearum (Smith) Yabuuchi et al., or considered to be free thereof, as a consequence of the implementation of an appropriate procedure aiming at eradicating Ralstonia solanacearum (Smith) Yabuuchi et al. which shall be determined in accordance with the procedure referred to in Article 18(2) and (cc) either the tubers originate in areas where Meloidogyne chitwoodi Golden et al. (all populations) and Meloidogyne fallax Karssen are known not to occur; or (dd) in areas where Meloidogyne chitwoodi Golden et al. (all populations) and Meloidogyne fallax Karssen are known to occur, — either the tubers originate from a place of production which has been found free from Meloidogyne chitwoodi Golden et al. (all populations), and Meloidogyne fallax Karssen based on an annual survey of host crops by visual inspection of host plants at appropriate times and by visual inspection both externally and by cutting of tubers after harvest from potato crops grown at the place of production, or — the tubers after harvest have been randomly sampled and, either checked for the presence of symptoms after an appropriate method to induce symptoms, or laboratory tested, as well as inspected visually both externally and by cutting the tubers, at appropriate times and in all cases at the time of closing of the packages or containers before marketing according to the provisions on closing in Council Directive 66/403/EEC of 14 June 1996 on the marketing of seed potatoes (1) and no symptoms of Meloidogyne chitwoodi Golden et al. (all populations) and Meloidogyne fallax Karssen have been found
25.4.1.	Tubers of Solanum tuberosum L., other than those intended for planting	Without prejudice to the provisions applicable to tubers listed in Annex III(A) (12) and Annex IV(A)(I) (25.1), (25.2) and (25.3), official statement that the tubers originate in areas in which Ralstonia solanacearum (Smith) Yabuuchi et al. is not known to occur
25.4.2.	Tubers of Solanum tuberosum L.	Without prejudice to the provisions applicable to tubers listed in Annex III(A) (10), (11) and (12) and Annex IV(A)(I) (25.1), (25.2), (25.3), (25.4) and (25.4.1), official statement that: (a) the tubers originate in a country where Scrobipalpopsis solanivora Povolny is not known to occur; or (b) the tubers originate in an area free from Scrobipalpopsis solanivora Povolny, established by the national plant protection organisation in accordance with relevant International Standards for Phytosanitary Measures
25.5.	Plants of Solanaceae, intended for planting, other than seeds, originating in countries where Potato stolbur mycoplasm is known to occur	Without prejudice to the provisions applicable to tubers listed in Annex III(A) (10), (11), (12) and (13), and Annex IV(A)(I) (25.1), (25.2), (25.3) and (25.4), official statement that no symptoms of Potato stolbur mycoplasm have been observed on the plants at the place of production since the beginning of the last complete cycle of vegetation
Section II	Plants, plant products and other objects originating in the Community
	Plants, plant products and other objects	Special requirements
18.1.	Tubers of Solanum tuberosum L., intended for planting	Official statement that: (a) the Union provisions to combat Synchytrium endobioticum (Schilbersky) Percival have been complied with; and (b) either the tubers originate in an area known to be free from Clavibacter michiganensis ssp. sepedonicus (Spieckermann and Kotthoff) Davis et al. or the Union provisions to combat Clavibacter michiganensis ssp. sepedonicus (Spieckermann and Kotthoff) Davis et al. have been complied with; and (d) (aa) either, the tubers originate in areas in which Ralstonia solanacearum (Smith) Yabuuchi et al. is known not to occur; or (bb) in areas where Ralstonia solanacearum (Smith) Yabuuchi et al. is known to occur, the tubers originate from a place of production found free from Ralstonia solanacearum (Smith) Yabuuchi et al., or considered to be free thereof, as a consequence of the implementation of an appropriate procedure aiming at eradicating Ralstonia solanacearum (Smith) Yabuuchi et al.; and (e) either, the tubers originate in areas in which Meloidogyne chitwoodi Golden et al. (all populations) and Meloidogyne fallax Karssen are known not to occur, or in areas where Meloidogyne chitwoodi Golden et al. (all populations) and Meloidogyne fallax Karssen are known to occur: — either, the tubers originate from a place of production which has been found free from Meloidogyne chitwoodi Golden et al. (all populations) and Meloidogyne fallax Karssen based on an annual survey of host crops by visual inspection of host plants at appropriate times and by visual inspection both externally and by cutting of tubers after harvest from potato crops grown at the place of production, or — the tubers after harvest have been randomly sampled and, either checked for the presence of symptoms after an appropriate method to induce symptoms or laboratory tested, as well as inspected visually both externally and by cutting the tubers, at appropriate times and in all cases at the time of closing of the packages or containers before marketing according to the provisions on closing in Council Directive 66/403/EEC, and no symptoms of Meloidogyne chitwoodi Golden et al. (all populations) and Meloidogyne fallax Karssen have been found
18.1.1.	Tubers of Solanum tuberosum L., intended for planting, other than those to be planted in accordance with Article 4.4(b) of Council Directive 2007/33/EC	Without prejudice to the requirements applicable to the tubers of Solanum tuberosum L., intended for planting in Annex IV, Part A, Section II (18.1), official statement that the Union provisions to combat Globodera pallida (Stone) Behrens and Globodera rostochiensis (Wollenweber) Behrens are complied with
18.2	Tubers of Solanum tuberosum L., intended for planting, other than tubers of those varieties officially accepted in one or more Member States pursuant to Council Directive 70/457/EEC of 29 September 1970 on the common catalogue of varieties of agricultural plant species (1)	Without prejudice to the special requirements applicable to the tubers listed in Annex IV(A)(II) (18.1), official statement that the tubers: — belong to advanced selections such a statement being indicated in an appropriate way on the document accompanying the relevant tubers, — have been produced within the Community, and — have been derived in direct line from material which has been maintained under appropriate conditions and has been subjected within the Community to official quarantine testing in accordance with appropriate methods and has been found, in these tests, free from harmful organisms
18.3	Plants of stolon or tuber‐forming species of Solanum L., or their hybrids, intended for planting, other than those tubers of Solanum tuberosum L. specified in Annex IV(A)(II) (18.1) or (18.2), and other than culture maintenance material being stored in gene banks or genetic stock collections	(a) The plants shall have been held under quarantine conditions and shall have been found free of any harmful organisms in quarantine testing; (b) the quarantine testing referred to in (a) shall: (aa) be supervised by the official plant protection organisation of the Member State concerned and executed by scientifically trained staff of that organisation or of any officially approved body; (bb) be executed at a site provided with appropriate facilities sufficient to contain harmful organisms and maintain the material including indicator plants in such a way as to eliminate any risk of spreading harmful organisms; (cc) be executed on each unit of the material; – by visual examination at regular intervals during the full length of at least one vegetative cycle, having regard to the type of material and its stage of development during the testing programme, for symptoms caused by any harmful organisms, – by testing, in accordance with appropriate methods to be submitted to the Committee referred to in Article 18: – in the case of all potato material at least for: – Andean potato latent virus, – Arracacha virus B. oca strain, – Potato black ringspot virus, – Potato spindle tuber viroid, – Potato virus T, – Andean potato mottle virus, – common potato viruses A, M, S, V, X and Y (including Yo, Yn and Yc) and Potato leaf roll virus, – Clavibacter michiganensis ssp. sepedonicus (Spieckermann and Kotthoff) Davis et al., – Ralstonia solanacearum (Smith) Yabuuchi et al., – in the case of true seed potato of least for the viruses and viroid listed above; (dd) by appropriate testing on any other symptom observed in the visual examination in order to identify the harmful organisms having caused such symptoms; (c) any material, which has not been found free, under the testing specified under (b) from harmful organisms as specified under (b) shall be immediately destroyed or subjected to procedures which eliminate the harmful organism(s); (d) each organisation or research body holding this material shall inform their official Member State plant protection service of the material held
18.3.1.	Seeds of Solanum tuberosum L., other than those specified in point 18.4	Official statement that: The seeds derive from plants complying, as applicable, with the requirements set out in points 18.1., 18.1.1, 18.2 and 18.3; and (a) the seeds originate in areas known to be free from Synchytrium endobioticum (Schilbersky) Percival, Clavibacter michiganensis ssp. sepedonicus (Spieckermann and Kotthoff) Davis et al., Ralstonia solanacearum (Smith) Yabuuchi et al. and Potato spindle tuber viroid; or (b) the seeds comply with all of the following requirements: (i) they have been produced in a site where, since the beginning of the last cycle of vegetation, no symptoms of disease caused by the harmful organisms referred to in point (a) have been observed; (ii) they have been produced at a site where all of the following actions have been taken: separation of the site from other solanaceous plants and other host plants of Potato spindle tuber viroid; prevention of contact with staff and items, such as tools, machinery, vehicles, vessels and packaging material, from other sites producing solanaceous plants and other host plants of Potato spindle tuber viroid, or appropriate hygiene measures concerning staff or items from other sites producing solanaceous plants and other host plants of Potato spindle tuber viroid to prevent infection; only water free from all harmful organisms referred to in this point is used
18.4	Plants of stolon, or tuber‐forming species of Solanum L., or their hybrids, intended for planting, being stored in gene banks or genetic stock collections	Each organisation or research body holding such material shall inform their official Member State plant protection service of the material held
18.5.	Tubers of Solanum tuberosum L., other than those mentioned in Annex IV(A)(II)(18.1), (18.1.1), (18.2), (18.3) or (18.4)	There shall be evidence by a registration number put on the packaging, or in the case of loose‐loaded potatoes transported in bulk, on the vehicle transporting the potatoes, that the potatoes have been grown by an officially registered producer, or originate from officially registered collective storage or dispatching centres located in the area of production, indicating that the tubers are free from Ralstonia solanacearum (Smith) Yabuuchi et al. and that (a) the Union provisions to combat Synchytrium endobioticum (Schilbersky) Percival, and (b) where appropriate, the Union provisions to combat Clavibacter michiganensis ssp. sepedonicus (Spieckermann and Kotthoff) Davis et al., and (c) the Union provisions to combat Globodera pallida (Stone) Behrens and Globodera rostochiensis (Wollenweber) Behrens are complied with

Annex IV, Part B	Special requirements which shall be laid down by all member states for the introduction and movement of plants, plant products and other objects into and within certain protected zones
	Plants, plant products and other objects	Special requirements	Protected zone(s)
20.1.	Tubers of Solanum tuberosum L., intended for planting	Without prejudice to the provisions applicable to the plants listed in Annex III(A) (10), (11), Annex IV(A)(I) (25.1), (25.2), (25.3), (25.4), (25.5), (25.6), Annex IV(A)(II) (18.1), (18.2), (18.3), (18.4), (18.6), official statement that the tubers: (a) were grown in an area where Beet necrotic yellow vein virus (BNYVV) is known not to occur; or (b) were grown on land, or in growing media consisting of soil that is known to be free from BNYVV, or officially tested by appropriate methods and found free from BNYVV; or (c) have been washed free from soil	F (Britanny), FI, IRL, P (Azores), UK (Northern Ireland)
20.2.	Tubers of Solanum tuberosum L., other than those mentioned in Annex IV(B) (20.1)	(a) The consignment or lot shall not contain more than 1% by weight of soil, or (b) the tubers are intended for processing at premises with officially approved waste disposal facilities which ensures that there is no risk of spreading BNYVV	F (Britanny), FI, IRL, P (Azores), UK (Northern Ireland)

Annex V	Plants, plant products and other objects which must be subject to a plant health inspection (at the place of production if originating in the Community, before being moved within the Community — in the country of origin or the consignor country, if originating outside the Community) before being permitted to enter the Community
Part A	Plants, plant products and other objects originating in the Community
Section I	Plants, plant products and other objects which are potential carriers of harmful organisms of relevance for the entire Community and which must be accompanied by a plant passport
1.3.	Plants of stolon‐ or tuber‐forming species of Solanum L. or their hybrids, intended for planting
Section II	Plants, plant products and other objects which are potential carriers of harmful organisms of relevance for certain protected zones and which must be accompanied by a plant passport valid for the appropriate zone when introduced into or moved within that zone Without prejudice to the plants, plant products and other objects listed in Part I.
1.5.	Tubers of Solanum tuberosum L., intended for planting.
Part B	Plants, plant products and other objects originating in territories, other than those territories referred to in Part A
Section I	Plants, plant products and other objects which are potential carriers of harmful organisms of relevance for the entire Community
4.	Tubers of Solanum tuberosum L.

45.1.	Plants of herbaceous species and plants of Ficus L. and Hibiscus L., intended for planting, other than bulbs, corms, rhizomes, seeds and tubers, originating in non‐European countries	Without prejudice to the requirements applicable to the plants in Annex IV, Part A, Section I (27.1), (27.2), (28), (29), (32.1), (32.3) and (36.1), official statement that the plants: (a) originate in an area, established in the country of export by the national plant protection service in that country, as being free from Bemisia tabaci Genn. (non‐European populations) in accordance with relevant International Standards for Phytosanitary Measures, and which is mentioned on the certificates referred to in Articles 7 or 8 of this Directive under the rubric ‘Additional declaration’, or (b) originate in a place of production, established in the country of export by the national plant protection service in that country, as being free from Bemisia tabaci Genn. (non‐European populations) in accordance with relevant International Standards for Phytosanitary Measures, and which is mentioned on the certificates referred to in Articles 7 or 8 of this Directive under the rubric ‘Additional declaration’, and declared free from Bemisia tabaci Genn. (non‐European populations) on official inspections carried out at least once each three weeks during the nine weeks prior to export, or (c) in cases where Bemisia tabaci Genn. (non‐European populations) has been found at the place of production, are held or produced in this place of production and have undergone an appropriate treatment to ensure freedom from Bemisia tabaci Genn. (non‐European populations) and subsequently this place of production shall have been found free from Bemisia tabaci Genn. (non‐ European populations) as a consequence of the implementation of appropriate procedures aiming at eradicating Bemisia tabaci Genn. (non‐European populations), in both official inspections carried out weekly during the nine weeks prior to export and in monitoring procedures throughout the said period. Details of the treatment shall be mentioned on the certificates referred to in Article 7 or 8 of this Directive, or (d) originate from plant material (explant) which is free from Bemisia tabaci Genn. (non‐European populations); are grown in vitro in a sterile medium under sterile conditions that preclude the possibility of infestation with Bemisia tabaci Genn. (non‐European populations); and are shipped in transparent containers under sterile conditions
45.2.	Cut flowers of Aster spp., Eryngium L., Gypsophila L., Hypericum L., Lisianthus L., Rosa L., Solidago L., Trachelium L., and leafy vegetables of Ocimum L., originating in non‐European countries	Official statement that the cut flowers and leafy vegetables: — originate in a country free from Bemisia tabaci Genn. (non‐European populations), or — immediately prior to their export, have been officially inspected and found free from Bemisia tabaci Genn. (non‐ European populations)
45.3	Plants of Solanum lycopersicum L. intended for planting, other than seeds, originating in countries where Tomato yellow leaf curl virus is known to occur (a) Where Bemisia tabaci Genn. is not known to occur (b) Where Bemisia tabaci Genn. is known to occur	Without prejudice to the requirements applicable to plants listed in Annex III(A)(13) and Annex IV(A)(I)(25.5), (25.6) and 25.7 where appropriate Official statement that no symptoms of Tomato yellow leaf curl virus have been observed on the plants Official statement that: (a) no symptoms of Tomato yellow leaf curl virus have been observed on the plants, and (aa) the plants originate in areas known to be free from Bemisia tabaci Genn., or (bb) the place of production has been found free from Bemisia tabaci Genn. on official inspections carried out at least monthly during the three months prior to export; or (b) no symptoms of Tomato yellow leaf curl virus have been observed on the place of production and the place of production has been subjected to an appropriate treatment and monitoring regime to ensure freedom from Bemisia tabaci Genn.
46.	Plants intended for planting, other than seeds, bulbs, tubers, corms and rhizomes, originating in countries where the relevant harmful organisms are known to occur. The relevant harmful organisms are: — Bean golden mosaic virus, — Cowpea mild mottle virus, — Lettuce infectious yellow virus, — Pepper mild tigré virus, — Squash leaf curl virus, — other viruses transmitted by Bemisia tabaci Genn. (a) Where Bemisia tabaci Genn. (non‐European populations) or other vectors of the relevant harmful organisms are not known to occur (b) Where Bemisia tabaci Genn. (non‐European populations) or other vectors of the relevant harmful organisms are known to occur	Without prejudice to the requirements applicable to the plants listed in Annex III(A)(13) and Annex IV(A)(I)(25.5) (25.6), (32.1), (32.2), (32.3), (35.1), (35.2), (44), (45.1), (45.2) and (45.3) where appropriate Official statement that no symptoms of the relevant harmful organisms have been observed on the plants during their complete cycle of vegetation Official statement that no symptoms of the relevant harmful organisms have been observed on the plants during an adequate period, and (a) the plants originate in areas known to be free from Bemisia tabaci Genn. and other vectors of the relevant harmful organisms; or (b) the place of production has been found free from Bemisia tabaci Genn. and other vectors of the relevant harmful organisms on official inspections carried out at appropriate times; or (c) the plants have been subjected to an appropriate treatment aimed at eradicating Bemisia tabaci Genn; or (d) the plants originate from plant material (explant) which is free from Bemisia tabaci Genn. (non‐European populations) and which did not show any symptoms of the relevant harmful organisms; are grown in vitro in a sterile medium under sterile conditions that preclude the possibility of infestation with Bemisia tabaci Genn. (non‐European populations); and are shipped in transparent containers under sterile conditions.

Genus, Acronym	Europhyt interception ID	Year of interception	Origin	Plant species on which it has been intercepted
Begomovirus
ToLCNDV	86236	2014	Spain	Cucurbita pepo
Carlavirus
PVPa	13121	2000	Argentina	Solanum tuberosum
Cheravirus
AVB	109175	2017	Peru	Solanum tuberosum
Ilarvirus
PYV	109175	2017	Peru	Solanum tuberosum
Tymovirus
APLV	109175	2017	Peru	Solanum tuberosum

Name	Transmitted virus (acronym)a	Reported in EU MSsa	Distribution map
Insect vectors
Aceratagallia sanguinolenta	PYDV	Not reported in the EU (CABI cpc, Fauna Europaea)	Not available
Agallia constricta	PYDV	Not reported in the EU (CABI cpc, Fauna Europaea)	Not available
Bemisia tabaci	ChiLCV, CYSDV, PaLCrV, PYMV, ToLCNDV, ToMHaV, ToMoTV, ToSRV, ToYVSV and ToCV	EPPO global database: Present, widespread: Cyprus, Greece, Italy (Sardegna), Malta, Netherlands, Spain Present, few occurrences: Bulgaria, Croatia, Hungary, Slovenia, Sweden, United Kingdom Present, restricted distribution: Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Poland, Portugal, Spain (Islas Baleares), Switzerland Present, no details: France (Corse), Greece (Kriti), Italy (Sicilia), Portugal (Madeira), Spain (Islas Canárias) Transient, under eradication: Finland	EPPO map, Appendix B.1
Epitrix sp.	APLV, APMMVa	The specific Epitrix species transmitting APLV and APMMV is/are not known Several Epitrix species occur in the EU: Epitrix allardi, Epitrix atropae, Epitrix caucasica, Epitrix intermedia, Epitrix pubescens (Fauna Europaea). In addition, Epitrix cucumeris, Epitrix fasciata, Epitrix hirtipennis and Epitrix papa have been introduced in the EU (Germain et al., 2013; Orlova‐Bienkowskaja, 2015; EFSA PLH Panel, 2019c). The ability of these species to transmit APLV and/or APMMV is not known
Myzus persicae	PAMV, PapMV, PotLV, PVHa, PVPa, PYV, RCVMV, TVBMVa and WPMV	CABI cpc: Present: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Finland, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Spain (Balearic Islands), Sweden Present, widespread: Cyprus, Denmark, France, Germany, Spain, Switzerland, United Kingdom	CABI map, Appendix B.2
Russelliana solanicola	SB26/29	EPPO global database: Not reported in the EU	EPPO map, Appendix B.3
Trialeurodes abutiloneus	ToCV	EPPO global database: Not reported in the EU	EPPO map, Appendix B.4
Trialeurodes vaporariorum	PYVV and ToCV	EPPO global database: Present, no details: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Lithuania, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Portugal (Azores), Portugal (Madeira), Slovenia, Spain, Spain (Islas Canárias), United Kingdom CABI cpc: Present: Croatia, Czech Republic, Estonia, Latvia	EPPO map, Appendix B.5
Fungal vectors
Spongospora subterranea	CPSbVa	EPPO present widespread: Present few occurrences: Greece Present no details: Cyprus, France, Greece (Kriti), Netherlands, United Kingdom, United Kingdom (Scotland) Transient, under eradication: Malta CABI cpc: Present: Belgium	EPPO map, Appendix B.6
Nematode vectors
Xiphinema americanum sensu stricto	AVBa, PBRSVa, PVBa and PVUa	EPPO global database: Not reported in the EU	EPPO map, Appendix B.7
Xiphinema intermedium	AVBa, PBRSVa, PVBa and PVUa	Fauna Europea: Present: Portugal	Not available
Xiphinema rivesi	AVBa, PVBa, PBRSVa and PVUa	EPPO global database: Present, restricted distribution: Slovenia, Spain Present, widespread: Italy, Portugal Spain Present, no details: France, Germany, Portugal CABI cpc: Present: Slovakia	EPPO map, Appendix B.8
Xiphinema tarjanense	AVBa, PBRSVa, PVBa and PVUa	Not reported in the EU (EFSA PLH Panel, 2018b)	Not available
Xiphinema californicum	AVBa, PBRSVa, PVBa and PVUa	EPPO global database: Not reported in the EU	EPPO map, Appendix B.9

Genus, Acronym	Would the pests’ introduction have an economic or environmental impact in the EU territory?		Does the presence of the pest on potato plants for planting have an economic impact, as regards the intended use of those plants for planting?	Rationale and/or uncertaintya
Genus, Acronym	Potato	Other hosts		Rationale and/or uncertaintya
Begomovirus
ChiLCV	Unable to conclude	Yes	Unable to conclude	Reported once in potato, indicating growth reduction and (apical) leaf distortion (Mubin et al., 2009), however, the association of ChiLCV with the reported symptoms is unclear. Furthermore, according to Senanayake et al., 2012, S. tuberosum is not an experimental host. No other information is available regarding incidence, yield and/or quality losses in potato. Therefore, “unable to conclude” regarding impact on potato. Reduction in flowers, fruits, leaf and branch size are reported in Capsicum annuum (Senanayake et al., 2012). Therefore, impact is expected in other hosts in the EU territory
PaLCrV	Unable to conclude	Unable to conclude	Unable to conclude	Reported in potato in NCBI GenBank (one accession, Table 10) without information on symptoms. Within the narrow host range of PaLCrV (see Table 10), only cultivation of Glycine max is of importance. Stunting, less flowers and pods, leaf crumpling, distortion are reported in a mixed infection with mung bean yellow mosaic India virus in Glycine max (Jaidi et al., 2015), so the association of PaLCrV with the reported symptoms is unclear. Therefore, ‘unable to conclude’ on impact on other hosts in the EU territory
PYMV	Yes	Not evaluated	Yes	Growth reduction, leaf chlorosis and distortion have been reported in potato (Roberts et al., 1986). PYMV is considered rare in potato (Geraud‐Pouey et al., 2016) and reported to incidentally infect potato plants that grow in the vicinity of infected tomato crops (Morales et al., 2001). The magnitude of the impact on potato is unclear
ToLCNDV	Yes	Not evaluated	Yes	Yield losses in potato are associated with the presence of ToLCNDV and its vector Bemisia tabaci in northern India (Bhatnagar et al., 2017). Furthermore, growth reduction and (apical) leaf distortion have been reported in potato (Usharani et al., 2004; Hameed et al., 2017). Therefore, impact is expected in potato
ToMHaV	Unable to conclude	Yes	Unable to conclude	Reported in potato only in NCBI GenBank (five accessions, Table 10), without information on symptoms. Growth reduction and leaf distortion are reported in Solanum lycopersicum (Martinez Zubiaur et al., 1998). Therefore, impact is expected on other hosts in the EU territory
ToMoTV	Yes	Not evaluated	Yes	Reported in potato, indicating yield loss, growth reduction and leaf chlorosis (Cordero et al., 2003)
ToSRV	Yes	Not evaluated	Yes	Deforming mosaic leaf symptoms have been reported once in potato (Souza‐Dias et al., 2008). Confirmation of symptomology or information regarding incidence, plant growth, yield and/or quality losses in potato is not available. Therefore, impact is expected on potato, although its magnitude is unclear
ToYVSV	Yes	Not evaluated	Yes	Leaf chlorosis and distortion have been reported in potato (Ribeiro et al., 2006; Albuquerque et al., 2010). No specific information available regarding plant growth, yield or quality loss, but Albuquerque et al. (2010) indicate that ToYVSV is the major begomovirus affecting potatoes (and tomatoes) in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. Therefore, impact is expected on potato, although its magnitude is unclear
Carlavirus
PotLV	No	No	No	No symptoms have been reported in potato (Brattey et al., 2002) and no other hosts are known. Therefore, no impact is expected on potato or other hosts in the EU territory. Might cause symptoms under specific conditions (particular varieties, mixed infections)
PVH	Yes	Not evaluated	Yes	Two reports in potato, one indicating mild leaf symptoms (Li et al., 2013). Another study reported reduced growth, leaf chlorosis and distortion in potato; however, this was in mixed infections with potato virus X, potato leaf roll virus and potato virus S (Rashid et al., 2018). No further information is available regarding incidence, plant growth, yield and/or quality losses in potato. Therefore, impact is expected on potato, although its magnitude is unclear
PVP	Yes	Not evaluated	Yes	Cultivar dependent; in some cultivars growth reduction, leaf distortion and chlorosis are reported, but in other cultivars, symptomless infections are reported (Jeffries, 1998; Massa et al., 2006). Therefore, impact is expected on potato, although its magnitude is unclear
RCVMV	Unable to conclude	Yes	Unable to conclude	Reported in potato (Al‐Shahwan et al., 2017) but the identification in this report is based on serology, with no further confirmation and is therefore doubtful. Therefore, the association of RCVMV with the reported symptoms is doubtful. RCVMV affects various Leguminosae and reduces yield and seed quality in Cicer arietinum (Larsen and Miklas, 2001), and pod formation and crop yield in Pisum sativum (Larsen et al., 2009). In contrast, no visible symptoms were observed in legume crops in New Zealand and the impact on yield was unclear but probably negligible, unless in mixed infection with other viruses (Fletcher et al., 2016). Therefore, impact is expected on other hosts, although its magnitude is unclear
Cheravirus
AVB	Unable to conclude	No	Unable to conclude	Symptomless infections have been reported in potato (Jones and Kenten, 1981). Symptoms in potato have been reported in mixed infections (Jones, 1981). The association of AVB with the reported symptoms is unclear. AVB might still be able to contribute to symptoms under specific environmental conditions or mixed infection. No other natural host of economic importance is reported (see Table 10), therefore, no impact is expected on other hosts in the EU territory
Comovirus
APMoV	Yes	Not evaluated	Yes	Growth reduction, mottling, necrosis and leaf deformation have been reported in potato (Fribourg et al., 1977a; Salazar and Harrison, 1978c; Avila et al., 1984; Jeffries, 1998). Therefore, impact is expected on potato, although its magnitude is unclear
Crinivirus
CYSDV	Unable to conclude	Yes	Unable to conclude	Reported once in potato (Orfanidou et al., 2019), but the association of CYSDV with the reported symptoms is unclear. Yield losses, growth reduction and leaf chlorosis have been reported in cucurbit hosts, including Cucumis melo (Abou‐Jawdah et al., 2000; López‐Sesé and Gómez‐Guillamón, 2000; Orfanidou et al., 2019). Therefore, impact is expected on other hosts in the EU territory
PYVV	Yes	Not evaluated	Yes	Yield loss, veinal chlorosis, but also symptomless infections are reported in potato affected by potato yellow vein disease (reviewed in Jeffries, 1998). Symptoms vary between potato cultivars and depend on environmental conditions and Potato yellow vein disease was later associated with PYVV (Salazar et al., 2000). Additional reports show yield loss in a experimental study (Guzmán‐Barney et al., 2012) and yellowing symptoms in a field survey (Franco‐Lara et al., 2013). Therefore, impact is expected on potato
ToCV	Yes	Not evaluated	Yes	One report indicates leaf roll and interveinal chlorosis in older leaves of potato plants (Freitas et al., 2012) and one report does not report information on symptoms (Fortes and Navas‐Castillo, 2012). No information is available regarding incidence, plant growth, yield and/or quality losses in potato. Therefore, impact is expected on potato, although its magnitude is unclear
Ilarvirus
PYV	Yes	Not evaluated	Yes	Leaf chlorosis has been reported in potato (Silvestre et al., 2011). No information is available regarding incidence, plant growth, yield and/or quality losses in potato. Therefore, impact is expected on potato, although its magnitude is unclear
Nepovirus
PBRSV	Yes	Not evaluated	Yes	Leaf chlorosis and necrosis have been reported in potato (Fribourg, 1977; Salazar and Harrison, 1977; Jeffries, 1998). No information is available regarding incidence, plant growth, yield and/or quality losses in potato. Therefore, impact is expected on potato, although its magnitude is unclear
PVB	Unable to conclude	No	Unable to conclude	Leaf chlorosis (calico) has been reported in potato (De Souza et al., 2017). This study indicates that not all these symptomatic plants tested positive for the virus and that it remains unclear to what extent PVB contributes to the observed symptoms. Therefore, the association of PVB with the reported symptoms is unclear. No other natural host of economic importance is known (see Table 10); therefore, no impact is expected on other hosts in the EU territory
PVU	Unable to conclude	No	Unable to conclude	Reported once in potato indicating leaf chlorosis (Jones et al., 1983); it proved difficult to re‐establish systemic infection in potato and symptoms were only reproduced with difficulty by top‐grafting potato scions on infected tobacco plants. On the other hand, foliar symptoms were observed in two of eight wild tuber‐bearing Solanum species following mechanical inoculation (Jones et al., 1983). Overall, the ability of PVU to cause symptoms in potato is unclear. No other natural host of economic importance are reported (see Table 10); therefore, no impact is expected on other hosts in the EU territory
Nucleorhabdovirus
PYDV	Yes	Not evaluated	Yes	Growth reduction, leaf distortion and chlorosis and tuber necrosis have been reported in potato (reviewed in Jackson et al., 2018). Therefore, impact is expected on potato, although its magnitude is unclear. Additionally, this statement is accompanied by uncertainty, since potato is not considered to be a major host of PYDV and only is sporadically infected (EPPO (online) data sheets on quarantine pests)
Pomovirus
CPSbV	Unable to conclude	No	Unable to conclude	Reported once in potato in a mixed infection with potato mop top virus (PMTV), indicating mild symptoms only on indicator plants (Gil et al., 2016). The association of CPSbV with the reported symptoms is unclear. CPSbV is a poorly known and recently described virus, so uncertainty exists to whether it causes symptoms under specific conditions (particular varieties, mixed infections). No other hosts of economic importance to the EU territory have been identified. Therefore, no impact is expected on potato and/or other hosts in the EU territory
Potexvirus
PapMV	Unable to conclude	No	Unable to conclude	Reported once in potato in a review (Salazar, 2006), without supporting identification data and lacking information on symptoms. Therefore, unable to conclude. No impact or symptoms are reported in Persea americana. The main host (Carica papaya, Table 10) is not of economic importance in the EU. Therefore, no impact is expected on other hosts in the EU territory
PAMV	Yes	Not evaluated	Yes	Symptoms vary between potato cultivars and depend on environmental conditions. However, growth reduction, tuber necrosis, leaf distortion and chlorosis have been reported in potato (reviewed in: Loebenstein et al., 2001). Therefore, impact is expected on potato, although the magnitude is unclear
Potyvirus
TVBMV	Unable to conclude	No	Unable to conclude	Reported twice in potato. One NCBI Genbank accession without information on symptoms and one report indicating leaf chlorosis (Geng et al., 2014). However, the association of TVBMV with the symptoms is unclear. No other natural host of economic importance are reported (see Table 10). Therefore, no impact is expected on other hosts in the EU territory. This statement is associated with uncertainties given that Solanum lycopersicum has been reported as an experimental host (Reddick et al., 1992)
WPMV	No	No	No	Leaf chlorosis and distortion have been reported in the wild potato species Solanum chancayense (Jones and Fribourg, 1979). Experimentally 16 wild, tuber‐forming, Solanum spp. were infected. However, none of the 13 tested domestic potato cultivars were infected (Jones and Fribourg, 1979). Therefore, no impact is expected in cultivated potato in the EU. There might be some impact in other tuber‐bearing Solanum species. In Solanum lycopersicum, the only reported host of economic importance, no information on symptoms is available (Jeffries, 1998). Therefore, no impact is expected on other hosts in the EU territory
Tepovirus
PVT	Yes	Not evaluated	Yes	The virus was initially characterised from symptomless potato plants (Salazar and Harrison, 1977). Leaf symptoms have been reported under experimental conditions in some cultivars (Jones et al., 1982). No information is available regarding incidence, plant growth, yield and/or quality losses in potato. Therefore, impact is expected on potato, although its magnitude is unclear
Tymovirus
APLV	Yes	Not evaluated	Yes	Leaf distortion and chlorosis have been reported in potato (Jones and Fribourg, 1978). No information is available regarding incidence, plant growth, yield and/or quality losses in potato. Therefore, impact is expected on potato, although its magnitude is unclear
APMMV	Yes	Not evaluated	Yes	See APLV. APMMV was initially considered to be a strain of ALPV (APLV‐Hu)
Unassigned
SALCV	Yes	Not evaluated	Yes	Growth reduction and leaf distortion have been reported in potato (Hooker and Salazar, 1983; Hooker et al., 1985; Jeffries, 1998). Therefore, impact is expected on potato, although its magnitude is unclear
SB26/29	Yes	Not evaluated	Yes	Reported once in potato, indicating yield loss, growth reduction, leaf distortion and chlorosis (Tenorio et al., 2003). These results have not been confirmed by other reports; however, yield loss was emphasised. Therefore, impact is expected on potato, but, this statement is associated with uncertainty
SB41	Unable to conclude	No	Unable to conclude	Reported once in potato, indicating leaf chlorosis (Salazar, 2006). However, the association of SB41 with the symptoms is unclear. No information is available regarding incidence, plant growth, yield and/or quality losses in potato. No other hosts are reported. Therefore, no impact is expected on other hosts in the EU territory

Information sheet (with hyperlink to information sheet if available)	Control measure summary	Risk component	Virusesa
http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1175887	Description of possible exclusion conditions that could be implemented to isolate the crop from pests and if applicable relevant vectors. E.g. a dedicated structure such as glass or plastic greenhouses. Growing plants in insect proof greenhouses and/or isolated from natural soil may prevent infestation by viruliferous vectors. This measure would not be applicable for potato, with the exception of early stages of seed potato production	Spread	Insect proof greenhouses: APLV, APMMVa, APMoVa, ChiLCV, CYSDV, PaLCrV, PAMV, PapMV, PotLV, PVHa, PVPa, PYDV, PYMV, PYV, PYVV, RCVMV, SB26/29, ToCV, ToLCNDV, ToMHaV, ToMoTV, ToSRV, ToYVSV, TVBMVa, and WPMV. Isolation from soil: AVBa, CPSbVa, PBRSVa, PVBa and PVUa
http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1175910	Use of chemical compounds that may be applied to plants or to plant products after harvest, during process or packaging operations and storage. The treatments addressed in this information sheet are: a) fumigation; b) spraying/dipping pesticides; c) surface disinfectants; d) process additives; e) protective compounds a), b) and c) could remove viruliferous vectors.	Entry	All vector transmitted viruses: APLV, APMMVa, APMoVa, AVBa, ChiLCV, CPSbVa, CYSDV, PaLCrV, PAMV, PapMV, PBRSVa, PotLV, PVBa, PVHa, PVPa, PVUa, PYDV, PYMV, PYV, PYVV, RCVMV, SB26/29, ToCV, ToLCNDV, ToMHaV, ToMoTV, ToSRV, ToYVSV, TVBMVa and WPMV
http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1175929	The physical and chemical cleaning and disinfection of facilities, tools, machinery, transport means, facilities and other accessories (e.g. boxes, pots, pallets, palox, supports, hand tools). The measures addressed in this information sheet are: washing, sweeping and fumigation. These measures may limit the spread of mechanically transmitted or soil‐borne viruses	Spread	All soil‐borne vector transmitted viruses: AVBa, CPSbVa, PBRSVa, PVBa, PVUa and All mechanically transmitted viruses: APLV, APMMV, APMoV, AVB, CPSbV, PAMV, PapMV, PBRSV, PotLV, PVB, PVH, PVP, PVT, PVU, PYDV, PYMV, PYV, RCVMV, SB26/29, ToLCNDV, ToYVSV, TVBMV and WPMV
http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1175956	The control of soil organisms by chemical and physical methods listed below: a) fumigation; b) heating; c) solarisation; d) flooding; e) soil suppression; f) augmentative biological control; g) biofumigation a), b) and d) could remove viruliferous vectors present in soil	Establishment and spread	All soil‐borne vector transmitted viruses: AVBa, CPSbVa, PBRSVa, PVBa and PVUa
http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1176195	This information sheet deals with the following categories of physical treatments: irradiation/ionisation; mechanical cleaning (brushing, washing); sorting and grading, and; removal of plant parts (e.g. debarking wood). This information sheet does not address: heat and cold treatment (information sheet 1.14); roguing and pruning (information sheet 1.12). Mechanical cleaning and removal of plant parts (e.g. leaves from fruit consignments) may remove viruliferous vectors	Entry and spread	All vector transmitted viruses: APLV, APMMVa, APMoVa, AVBa, ChiLCV, CPSbVa, CYSDV, PaLCrV, PAMV, PapMV, PBRSVa, PotLV, PVBa, PVHa, PVPa, PVUa, PYDV, PYMV, PYV, PYVV, RCVMV,SB26/29, ToCV, ToLCNDV, ToMHaV, ToMoTV, ToSRV, ToYVSV, TVBMVa and WPMV
http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1181442	Treatment of the waste (deep burial, composting, incineration, chipping, production of bio‐energy…) in authorised facilities and official restriction on the movement of waste. Treatment of the waste may inactivate viruliferous soil‐borne vectors.	Entry and spread	All soil‐borne vector transmitted viruses: AVBa, CPSbVa, PBRSVa, PVBa and PVUa
http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1181436	Roguing is defined as the removal of infested plants and/or uninfested host plants in a delimited area, whereas pruning is defined as the removal of infested plant parts only, without affecting the viability of the plant. Roguing of infested plants is efficient, particularly for viruses that are not vector‐transmitted. Pruning is not effective to remove a virus from infected plants	Establishment and spread	All categorised viruses, especially the non‐vector transmitted viruses
http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1181717	Crop rotation, associations and density, weed/volunteer control are used to prevent problems related to pests and are usually applied in various combinations to make the habitat less favourable for pests. The measures deal with (1) allocation of crops to field (over time and space) (multi‐crop, diversity cropping) and (2) to control weeds and volunteers as hosts of pests/vectors. Crop rotation may reduce the population of soil‐borne viruliferous vectors. However, as fungal vectors/spores might remain viruliferous for longer period of time than usual rotation period, crop rotation is of limited usefulness in those cases. As all categorised viruses are vegetatively propagated, control of volunteers is important for all categorised viruses. Control of weeds may be of relevance only for viruses having a wide host range.	Spread and impact	All soil‐borne vector transmitted viruses: AVBa, CPSbVa, PBRSVa, PVBa and PVUa All viruses with a wide host range: CYSDV, RCVMV, ToCV and ToLCNDV
Timing of planting and harvesting	The objective is to produce phenological asynchrony in pest/crop interactions by acting on or benefiting from specific cropping factors such as: cultivars, climatic conditions, timing of the sowing or planting, and level of maturity/age of the plant seasonal timing of planting and harvesting. Relevant for insect‐transmitted viruses.	Spread and impact	All insect‐transmitted viruses: APMoVa, APLV, APMMVa, ChiLCV, CYSDV, PaLCrV, PAMV, PapMV, PotLV, PVHa, PVPa, PYDV, PYMV, PYV, PYVV, RCVMV, SB26/29, ToCV, ToLCNDV, ToMHaV, ToMoTV, ToSRV, ToYVSV, TVBMVa and WPMV.
Chemical treatments on crops including reproductive material	Chemical treatments on crops may prevent infestations by vectors and seed transmission. Dessication/removal of the foliage reduces the risk of transmission via vectors and may prevent transport to the tubers of infected plants.	Spread and impact	All insect‐transmitted viruses: APMoVa, APLV, APMMVa, ChiLCV, CYSDV, PaLCrV, PAMV, PapMV, PotLV, PVHa, PVPa, PYDV, PYMV, PYV, PYVV, RCVMV, SB26/29, ToCV, ToLCNDV, ToMHaV, ToMoTV, ToSRV, ToYVSV, TVBMVa and WPMV.
Use of resistant and tolerant plant species/varieties	Resistant plants are used to restrict the growth and development of a specified pest and/or the damage they cause when compared to susceptible plant varieties under similar environmental conditions and pest pressure. It is important to distinguish resistant from tolerant species/varieties. Resistant and tolerant cultivars could be developed and could be used, should they be available.	Spread and impact	Potentially all categorised viruses
Post‐entry quarantine and other restrictions of movement in the importing country	This information sheet covers post‐entry quarantine of relevant commodities; temporal, spatial and end‐use restrictions in the importing country for import of relevant commodities; prohibition of import of relevant commodities into the domestic country. Relevant commodities are plants, plant parts and other materials that may carry pests, either as infection, infestation or contamination. Identifying virus‐infected plants and banning their movement limit the risks of entry and spread in the EU	Entry and spread	All categorised viruses

Information sheet title (with hyperlink to information sheet if available)	Supporting measure summary	Risk component	Virusa
http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1181430	Inspection is defined as the official visual examination of plants, plant products or other regulated articles to determine if pests are present or to determine compliance with phytosanitary regulations (ISPM 5). The effectiveness of sampling and subsequent inspection to detect pests may be enhanced by including trapping and luring techniques. Visual inspection may detect potentially infected material	Entry and spread	All categorised viruses with visible symptoms on leaves and/or propagating tissues
http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1181213	Examination, other than visual, to determine if pests are present using official diagnostic protocols. Diagnostic protocols describe the minimum requirements for reliable diagnosis of regulated pests. Laboratory testing may detect/identify viruses on sampled material	Entry and spread	All categorised viruses
http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1180845	Mandatory/voluntary certification/approval of premises is a process including a set of procedures and of actions implemented by producers, conditioners and traders contributing to ensure the phytosanitary compliance of consignments. It can be a part of a larger system maintained by a National Plant Protection Organization in order to guarantee the fulfilment of plant health requirements of plants and plant products intended for trade. Key property of certified or approved premises is the traceability of activities and tasks (and their components) inherent the pursued phytosanitary objective. Traceability aims to provide access to all trustful pieces of information that may help to prove the compliance of consignments with phytosanitary requirements of importing countries. Certified and approved premises may guarantee the absence of the harmful viruses imported for research and/or breeding purposes	Entry and spread	All categorised viruses
http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1180597	ISPM 5 defines a buffer zone as ‘an area surrounding or adjacent to an area officially delimited for phytosanitary purposes in order to minimize the probability of spread of the target pest into or out of the delimited area, and subject to phytosanitary or other control measures, if appropriate’ (ISPM 5). The objectives for delimiting a buffer zone can be to prevent spread from the outbreak area and to maintain a pest‐free production place, site or area. Buffer zones may contribute to reduce the spread of non‐EU viruses of potato after entry in the EU	Spread	For viruses with additional spreading mechanisms beside plants for planting (e.g. vector transmitted viruses: APLV, APMoVa, APMMVa, AVBa, ChiLCV, CPSbVa, CYSDV, PaLCrV, PAMV, PapMV, PBRSVa, PotLV, PVBa, PVHa, PVPa, PVUa, PYDV, PYMV, PYV, PYVV, RCVMV, SB26/29, ToCV, ToLCNDV, ToMHaV, ToMoTV, ToSRV, ToYVSV, TVBMVa and WPMV)
Phytosanitary certificate and plant passport	An official paper document or its official electronic equivalent, consistent with the model certificates of the IPPC, attesting that a consignment meets phytosanitary import requirements (ISPM 5) a) export certificate (import) b) plant passport (EU internal trade)	Entry and spread	All categorised viruses
Certification of reproductive material (voluntary/official)	Certification of reproductive material when not already implemented would contribute to reduce the risk associated with spread	Spread	All categorised viruses
Surveillance	Official surveillance may contribute to early detection of the viruses here categorised, favouring immediate adoption of control measures if the viruses come to establish	Spread	All categorised viruses

Criterion of pest categorisation	Panel's conclusions against criterion in Regulation (EU) 2016/2031 regarding Union quarantine pest	Panel's conclusions against criterion in Regulation (EU) 2016/2031 regarding Union regulated non‐quarantine pest	Key uncertainties
Identity of the pest (Section 3.1 )	The identity of the virus is established and diagnostic methods are available	The identity of the virus is established and diagnostic methods are available	No uncertainty
Absence/presence of the pest in the EU territory (Section 3.2 )	The virus is not known to be present in the EU territory	The virus is not known to be present in the EU territory, and therefore does not meet this criterion to qualify as a potential Union RNQP.	Unreported presence in the EU
Regulatory status (Section 3.3 )	The virus is currently regulated in Annex IAI as ‘potato viruses and virus‐like organisms’ and as ‘viruses transmitted by Bemisia tabaci Genn.’	The virus is currently regulated in Annex IAI as ‘potato viruses and virus‐like organisms’ and as ‘viruses transmitted by Bemisia tabaci Genn.’	Not explicitly mentioned in Directive 2000/29/EC.
Pest potential for entry, establishment and spread in the EU territory (Section 3.4 )	Able to enter into the EU. The pathway of plants for planting of potato is closed by current legislation. The pathway of plants for planting of other hosts is partially regulated. The pathway of viruliferous vectors (Bemisia tabaci) is regulated by current legislation. If this virus were to enter the EU territory, it could become established and spread	Plants for planting constitute one of the main means of spread	– Host range (potato as a natural host, existence of other natural hosts) – Geographical distribution – Efficiency of natural (vector) spread under EU conditions
Potential for consequences in the EU territory (Section 3.5 )	Introduction and spread would have a negative impact in the EU territory (e.g. on Capsicum annuum)	Unable to conclude whether the presence of this virus on potato plants for planting would impact their intended use due to limited information	Unable to conclude regarding impact on potato
Available measures (Section 3.6 )	Phytosanitary measures are available to reduce the likelihood of entry and spread of the virus into the EU	Certification of planting material of susceptible hosts is, by far, the most efficient control method	No uncertainty
Conclusion on pest categorisation (Section 4 )	ChiLCV meets all the criteria evaluated by EFSA to qualify as a potential Union quarantine pest	ChiLCV is a non‐EU virus (considered as regulated in Annex IAI of Directive 2000/29/EC as ‘potato viruses and virus‐like organisms’ and as ‘viruses transmitted by Bemisia tabaci Genn.’), and as such it does not meet the corresponding criterion evaluated by EFSA to qualify as a potential Union RNQP
Aspects of assessment to focus on/scenarios to address in future if appropriate	The main knowledge gaps or uncertainties identified concern: – Possible unreported presence in the EU; – Host range (potato as a natural host, existence of other natural hosts); – Efficiency of natural (vector) spread under EU conditions; – Volume of trade and countries of origin of plants for planting of non‐potato hosts

PERMALINK

Pest categorisation of non‐EU viruses and viroids of potato

Claude Bragard

Katharina Dehnen‐Schmutz

Paolo Gonthier

Marie‐Agnès Jacques

Josep Anton Jaques Miret

Annemarie Fejer Justesen

Alan MacLeod

Christer Sven Magnusson

Panagiotis Milonas

Juan A Navas‐Cortes

Stephen Parnell

Roel Potting

Philippe Lucien Reignault

Hans‐Hermann Thulke

Wopke van der Werf

Antonio Vicent Civera

Jonathan Yuen

Lucia Zappalà

Thierry Candresse

Christophe Lacomme

Bernard Bottex

Carla Oplaat

Annelien Roenhorst

Martijn Schenk

Francesco Di Serio

Abstract

1. Introduction

1.1. Background and Terms of Reference as provided by the requestor

1.1.1. Background

1.1.2. Terms of reference

1.1.2.1. Terms of Reference: Appendix 1

1.1.2.2. Terms of Reference: Appendix 2

1.1.2.3. Terms of Reference: Appendix 3

1.2. Interpretation of the Terms of Reference

Table 1.

2. Data and methodologies

2.1. Data

2.1.1. Literature search

2.1.2. Database search

2.2. Methodologies

Table 2.

2.3. Nomenclature

3. Pest categorisation

3.1. Identity and biology of the pests

3.1.1. Identity and taxonomy

3.1.1.1.

Table 3.

3.1.2. Biology of the pests

Table 4.

3.1.3. Intraspecific diversity

3.1.4. Detection and identification of the pests

3.1.4.1.

Table 5.

3.2. Pests distribution

3.2.1. Pests distribution outside the EU

Table 6.

3.2.2. Pests distribution in the EU

3.2.2.1.

Table 7.

3.3. Regulatory status

3.3.1. Council Directive 2000/29/EC

Table 8.

3.3.2. Legislation addressing potato

Table 9.

Table 10.

3.3.3. Legislation addressing the organisms that vector potato viruses (Directive 2000/29/EC)

3.4. Entry, establishment and spread in the EU

3.4.1. Host range

3.4.2. Entry

3.4.2.1.

Table 11.

Table 14.

Table 12.

Table 13.

3.4.3. Establishment

3.4.3.1.

3.4.3.2. EU distribution of main host plants

3.4.3.3. Climatic conditions affecting establishment

Criterion of pest categorisation	Panel's conclusions against criterion in Regulation (EU) 2016/2031 regarding Union quarantine pest	Panel's conclusions against criterion in Regulation (EU) 2016/2031 regarding Union regulated non‐quarantine pest	Key uncertainties
Identity of the pest (Section 3.1 )	The identity of the virus is established and diagnostic methods are available	The identity of the virus is established and diagnostic methods are available	No uncertainty
Absence/presence of the pest in the EU territory (Section 3.2 )	The virus is not known to be present in the EU territory	The virus is not known to be present in the EU territory, and therefore does not meet this criterion to qualify as a potential Union RNQP	Unreported presence in the EU
Regulatory status (Section 3.3 )	The virus is currently regulated in Annex IAI as ‘potato viruses and virus‐like organisms’ and as ‘viruses transmitted by Bemisia tabaci Genn.’	The virus is currently regulated in Annex IAI as ‘potato viruses and virus‐like organisms’ and as ‘viruses transmitted by Bemisia tabaci Genn.’	Not explicitly mentioned in Directive 2000/29/EC
Pest potential for entry, establishment and spread in the EU territory (Section 3.4 )	Able to enter into the EU. The pathway of plants for planting of potato is closed by current legislation. The pathways of plants for planting of other hosts is regulated. The pathway of viruliferous vectors (Bemisia tabaci) is regulated by current legislation. If this virus were to enter the EU territory, it could become established and spread	Plants for planting constitute one of the main means of spread	– Host range (potato as a natural host, existence of other natural hosts) – Geographical distribution – Efficiency of natural (vector) spread under EU conditions
Potential for consequences in the EU territory (Section 3.5 )	Introduction and spread would have a negative impact in the EU territory (e.g. on Solanum lycopersicum)	Unable to conclude whether the presence of this virus on potato plants for planting would impact their intended use due to limited information	Unable to conclude regarding impact on potato
Available measures (Section 3.6 )	Phytosanitary measures are available to reduce the likelihood of entry and spread of the virus into the EU	Certification of planting material of susceptible hosts is, by far, the most efficient control method	No uncertainty
Conclusion on pest categorisation (Section 4 )	ToMHaV meets all the criteria evaluated by EFSA to qualify as a potential Union quarantine pest	ToMHaV is a non‐EU virus (considered as regulated in Annex IAI of Directive 2000/29/EC as ‘potato viruses and virus‐like organisms’ and as ‘viruses transmitted by Bemisia tabaci Genn.’), and as such it does not meet the corresponding criterion evaluated by EFSA to qualify as a potential Union RNQP
Aspects of assessment to focus on/scenarios to address in future if appropriate	The main knowledge gaps or uncertainties identified concern: – Possible unreported presence in the EU; – Host range (potato as a natural host, existence of other natural hosts); – Efficiency of natural (vector) spread under EU conditions