Table 2.
Percent Change in Serum Metabolite Concentrations Associated with an Increase of One Alcoholic Beverage per Week for Metabolites Associated with Alcohol in a Multivariable Model at FDR p<0.10
| Unadjusteda | Multivariable Adjusted Excluding Dietb | Multivariable Adjusted Including Dietc | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Metabolite | % Change/Drink/Wk | Pvalue | FDR Pvalue | % Change/Drink/Wk | Pvalue | FDR Pvalue | % Change/Drink/Wk | Pvalue | FDR Pvalue |
| Amino Acid | |||||||||
| Glycine, Serine and Threonine Metabolism | |||||||||
| sarcosine | 3.86 | 4.05E-05 | 0.005 | 4.52 | 8.40E-06 | 0.001 | 3.89 | 3.98E-04 | 0.045 |
| Lysine Metabolism | |||||||||
| 3-methylglutarylcarnitine | −2.25 | 1.73E-02 | 0.152 | −2.58 | 3.34E-03 | 0.094 | −2.04 | 3.30E-02 | 0.463 |
| Carbohydrate | |||||||||
| Pentose Metabolism | |||||||||
| arabitol/xylitol | 0.88 | 2.05E-04 | 0.013 | 0.85 | 8.46E-04 | 0.032 | 0.82 | 2.67E-03 | 0.133 |
| Energy | |||||||||
| TCA Cycle | |||||||||
| 2-methylcitrate/homocitrate | 1.04 | 5.66E-04 | 0.020 | 1.22 | 2.31E-04 | 0.013 | 1.16 | 8.93E-04 | 0.067 |
| Lipid | |||||||||
| Medium Chain Fatty Acids | |||||||||
| 10-undecenoate (11:1n1) | 1.84 | 5.14E-05 | 0.005 | 1.65 | 4.91E-04 | 0.022 | 1.47 | 3.73E-03 | 0.159 |
| Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid (n3 and n6) | |||||||||
| eicosapentaenoate (EPA; 20:5n3) | 2.60 | 9.98E-06 | 0.001 | 2.76 | 2.27E-05 | 0.003 | 2.58 | 2.76E-04 | 0.045 |
| Inositol Metabolism | |||||||||
| myo-inositol | 0.79 | 2.92E-04 | 0.013 | 0.77 | 9.84E-04 | 0.034 | 0.50 | 4.63E-02 | 0.520 |
| Phospholipid Metabolism | |||||||||
| 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-GPC (16:0/18:1) | 0.99 | 9.39E-05 | 0.007 | 0.78 | 5.28E-04 | 0.022 | 0.52 | 2.72E-02 | 0.459 |
| Steroid | |||||||||
| 4-androsten-3beta,17beta-diol monosulfate (2) | 5.34 | 1.21E-08 | <0.001 | 4.37 | 2.47E-06 | 0.001 | 3.78 | 1.64E-04 | 0.045 |
| 4-androsten-3beta,17beta-diol disulfate | 4.46 | 4.15E-07 | <0.001 | 4.18 | 4.89E-06 | 0.001 | 3.36 | 5.97E-04 | 0.054 |
| 4-androsten-3beta,17beta-diol monosulfate (1) | 1.97 | 1.35E-02 | 0.140 | 2.50 | 1.07E-03 | 0.034 | 2.01 | 1.51E-02 | 0.340 |
| etiocholanolone glucuronide | 2.86 | 1.60E-03 | 0.036 | 3.48 | 2.20E-04 | 0.013 | 3.23 | 1.71E-03 | 0.110 |
| Nucleotide | |||||||||
| 3-ureidopropionate | 1.04 | 2.41E-03 | 0.049 | 1.05 | 3.19E-03 | 0.094 | 0.96 | 1.41E-02 | 0.333 |
| Cofactors and Vitamins | |||||||||
| Tocopherol Metabolism | |||||||||
| gamma-CEHC | −2.33 | 2.36E-04 | 0.013 | −2.54 | 4.24E-05 | 0.004 | −2.40 | 3.94E-04 | 0.045 |
| Vitamin A Metabolism | |||||||||
| retinol (Vitamin A) | 1.13 | 8.76E-04 | 0.026 | 1.09 | 2.76E-04 | 0.014 | 0.84 | 9.16E-03 | 0.280 |
| Xenobiotic | |||||||||
| Food Component/Plant | |||||||||
| piperine | 3.73 | 3.90E-03 | 0.063 | 4.99 | 1.25E-04 | 0.009 | 4.04 | 3.88E-03 | 0.159 |
Results from simple linear regression of individual metabolite concentrations on alcohol intake (drinks/wk).
Results from linear mixed effects regression of individual metabolite concentrations on alcohol intake (drinks/wk) adjusted for clinic as a random effect and BMI (kg/m2;continuous), race (white/non-white), college graduate (yes/no), current smoker (no/yes≥5 cigarettes per day/yes >5 cigarettes per day), current hormonal contraceptive use (none/combined oral contraceptive pill/other), parous (yes/no), physical activity (MET·hr·wk−1;continuous), menstrual cycle phase (luteal/follicular/missing), time of blood collection (7-8am/9am/10am/11am-2pm), and DISC treatment group (intervention/usual care) as fixed effects.
Results from linear mixed effects regression of individual metabolite concentrations on alcohol intake (drinks/wk) adjusted as for b above plus energy (kcal/day; continuous), fat (%kcal/day; continuous) and carbohydrate (%kcal/day; continuous) as fixed effects.