Bacterial cell surface architecture and peptidoglycan composition. (a) Schematic illustration of cell membranes and peptidoglycan of Gram-negative bacteria. LPS, lipopolysaccharides; CPS, capsular polysaccharides; PG, peptidoglycan. (b) Schematic illustration of cell membrane and peptidoglycan of Gram-positive bacteria. CPS, capsular polysaccharides; PG, peptidoglycan. (c) Structure of DAP-type peptidoglycan. (d) Structure of Lys-type peptidoglycan.