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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 Feb 10.
Published in final edited form as: Lancet Haematol. 2019 Dec 3;7(1):e73–e81. doi: 10.1016/S2352-3026(19)30211-X

Figure 4: Features of clonal haematopoiesis of indeterminate potential (CHIP) considered at high risk for transformation to haematological malignancy.

Figure 4:

The evolution of CHIP to clinically apparent haematological malignancies is represented by clonal expansion or variant allele frequency (y axis), by acquisition of additional somatic mutations, somatic mutations in specific genes (TP53, IDH1, IDH2, spliceosome machinery), or multiple mutations in epigenetic modifiers (DNMT3A, TET2), and by increased morphological features of dysplasia. HSPC=hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell. CHIP=clonal haematopoiesis of indeterminate potential. CCUS=clonal cytopenia of unknown significance. MDS=myelodysplastic syndrome. AML=acute myeloid leukaemia.