Table 1.
Oral exposure | Dermal exposure | Inhalation exposure |
---|---|---|
Residues in food items | Direct overspray (flying through spray cloud during foraging) | Inhalation of droplets and vapour when foraging in the field or field margins |
Residues in water taken up orally | Contact with residues on leaves (gleaners) | |
Grooming | Contact with residues on soil (gleaners) | |
Pups via drinking milk | Contact with residues on the surface of roosting sites or conspecifics carrying residues on the fur |