Table 7.
Calculation of dermal exposure in mg/kg bw under different assumptions of flight speed, time in spray cloud, species and for the Even Distribution, TIM Method, and Drift Area models for a hawker (Pipistrellus pipistrellus) and a ground gleaner bat (Myotis myotis). See text for further details. The following parameters were used for the calculations: P. pipistrellus – body weight of 5 g, body diameter of 0.03 m, wing length of 0.105 m (wing span of 0.24 m/2 minus half of body diameter of 0.015 m) and wing angle of 60°, M. myotis: body weight of 29 g, body diameter of 0.07 m, wing length of 0.17 m (wing span of 0.43 m/2 minus half of body diameter of 0.035 m) and wing angle of 90°. Flight speeds of 2 m/sec and 4 m/sec were assumed for slow and fast flying bats, respectively. The Hawker/Foliage Gleaner was ignored being intermediate in all cases between the other two species
| Time in the spray cloud | Flight speed | Dermal exposure (mg/kg bw) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hawker | Even* | TIM* | Area | |
| 1 min | Fast | 2,490 | 311 | 798 |
| Slow | 1,470 | 184 | 399 | |
| 2 h | Fast | 352,863 | 44,108 | 95,731 |
| Slow | 176,430 | 22,054 | 47,865 | |
| Ground Gleaner | ||||
| Even* | TIM* | Area | ||
| 1 min | Fast | 2,037 | 255 | 234 |
| Slow | 1,018 | 127 | 117 | |
| 2 h | Fast | 244,524 | 30,566 | 56,007 |
| Slow | 122,673 | 15,334 | 16,718 | |
bw: body weight.
At 100% interception.