Table C.1.

Evidence of bat foraging in farmland across Europe classified according to species, agricultural type and management

Species	Country	Agricultural type	Degree of intensification/description of sites	Reference
Rhinolophus euryale	Italy	Olive groves	Patches of olive groves managed traditionally interspersed with broadleaf forest	Russo et al. (2002)
Rhinolophus ferrumequinum	Greece	Organic and conventional olive groves	Organic: Olive (Olea europea) plantations, not chemically treated. Two of six sites practice ‘organic’ pest control (scent and sticky traps) Conventional: O. europea plantations comparable to the organic groves in age, density of trees and altitude, but treated yearly with an insecticide spray	Davy et al. (2007)
	Italy	Olive groves	Olive groves: Olive Olea europea L. groves	Russo and Jones (2003)
Rhinolophus hipposideros	Greece	Organic and conventional olive groves	Organic: Olive (O. europea) plantations, not chemically treated. Two of six sites practice ‘organic’ pest control (scent and sticky traps) Conventional: O. europea plantations comparable to the organic groves in age, density of trees and altitude, but treated yearly with an insecticide spray	Davy et al. (2007)
Rhinolophus mehelyi	Spain	Traditional ‘dehesas’	Open oak forest managed traditionally for agriculture and livestock breeding	Russo et al. (2005a,b)
Rhinolophus total	UK	Conifer plantation	Not described	Vaughan et al. (1997)
	Greece	Organic and conventional olive groves	Organic: Olive (O. europea) plantations, not chemically treated. Two of six sites practice ‘organic’ pest control (scent and sticky traps)	Davy et al. (2007)
			Conventional: O. europea plantations comparable to the organic groves in age, density of trees and altitude, but treated yearly with an insecticide spray	Davy et al. (2007)
Barbastella barbastellus	Germany	Meadow, forest edge (species was only observed 3× in total in the study)	Meadow: agricultural grasslands with differing management intensities Forest edge: cereal sampling site that were situated 100 m away from a forest Degree of intensification for agricultural fields is not mentioned	Stahlschmidt et al. (2017)
Eptesicus nilssonii	Germany	Forest edge, meadow, vineyard, orchard, vegetable fields, cereal fields	Meadow: agricultural grasslands with differing management intensities Orchard: Apple orchard Forest edge: cereal sampling site that were situated 100 m away from a forest Degree of intensification for agricultural fields is not mentioned	Stahlschmidt et al. (2017)
	Sweden	Farmland	Not described	Rydell (1986)
	Finland	Grassland (grouped data; including meadows, arable land and pasture)	Agricultural land covered approximately 8% of the total study site. Intensification degree not described	Wermundsen and Siivonen (2008)
Eptesicus serotinus	Germany	Forest edge, meadow, vineyard, orchard, vegetable fields, cereal fields	Meadow: agricultural grasslands with differing management intensities Orchard: Apple orchard Forest edge: cereal sampling site that were situated 100 m away from a forest Degree of intensification for agricultural fields is not mentioned	Stahlschmidt et al. (2017)
	Germany	Orchard	Orchard: mature commercial apple orchard (Braeburn variety). With approximate size of 4 ha. The entire 4 ha of the orchard were sprayed with Reldan (Dow AgroSciences) at a rate of 337 g a.i./ha against on one occasion (20 May 2009) and with Insegar (Syngenta Agro) at 150 g a.i./ha on two occasions (1 and 15 July 2009)	Stahlschmidt and Brühl (2012)
	UK	Arable land	Not described	Vaughan et al. (1997)
	UK	Pasture (organic and conventional), Arable land (conventional)	Organic fields according to Soil Association and UK Register of Organic Food Standard	Wickramasinghe et al. (2003)
	The Netherlands	Agricultural fields (only type of land assessed in the study)	Old agricultural landscape type with many linear elements. Meadows and fields are separated by a network of hedgerows and tree lanes. Agricultural intensification not specified	Verboom and Huitema (1997)
	Italy	Arable land	Arable land: generally characterised by a relatively complex mosaic of fields separated by tree lines, hedges, canals, etc.	Russo and Jones (2003)
	Italy	Organic and conventional rice farms	Organic rice farms covered an overall surface of 310 ha and are characterised by rice paddies not treated with synthetic pesticides and certified as organic according to the Italian law Conventional rice farms covered a surface of 272 ha and rice paddies are regularly treated with pesticides (i.e. alpha‐cypermethrin, oxadiazon, glyphosate, triciclazol)	Toffoli and Rughetti (2017)
	Poland	Arable land	Arable fields: large‐scale arable fields as a main land use type. Degree of intensification is not described	Pluciński et al. (2015)
	Poland	Arable land, meadows/pastures, Orchards	Arable land: Land outside settlements, used for growing any crop including rye, barley, wheat, rapeseed, maize, beet, potatoes, cucumbers or carrots (including fallows)	Ciechanowski (2015)
			Meadow/Pasture: Grassland outside settlements used for hay production (mowed) or livestock grazing
			Orchards: Area used for growing vegetables, flowers or fruit, with at least 50% planted by fruit trees or bushes
Eptesicus/Nyctalus total	Germany	Forest edge, meadow, vineyard, orchard, vegetable fields, cereal fields	Meadow: agricultural grasslands with differing management intensities Orchard: Apple orchard Forest edge: cereal sampling site that were situated 100 m away from a forest. Degree of intensification for agricultural fields is not mentioned	Stahlschmidt et al. (2017)
Hypsugo savii	Greece	Organic and conventional olive groves	Organic: Olive (O. europea) plantations, not chemically treated. Two of six sites practice ‘organic’ pest control (scent and sticky traps) Conventional: O. europea plantations comparable to the organic groves in age, density of trees and altitude, but treated yearly with an insecticide spray	Davy et al. (2007)
	Italy	Chestnut woodlands, arable land, olive grove, conifer plantations	Chestnut woodlands: Sweet chestnut Castanea sativa Miller woodlands managed for chestnut production; traditional form of chestnut woodland management, often characterised by mature trees Arable land: generally characterised by a relatively complex mosaic of fields separated by tree lines, hedges, canals, etc. Olive groves: Olive O. europea L. groves Conifer plantation: Conifer (Pinus spp.) plantations	Russo and Jones (2003)
	Italy	Organic and conventional rice farms	Organic rice farms covered an overall surface of 310 ha and are characterised by rice paddies not treated with synthetic pesticides and certified as organic according to the Italian law Conventional rice farms covered a surface of 272 ha and rice paddies are regularly treated with pesticides (i.e. alpha‐cypermethrin, oxadiazon, glyphosate, triciclazol)	Toffoli and Rughetti (2017)
Myotis bechsteinii	Germany	Forest edge, meadow, vineyard, vegetable field	Meadow: agricultural grasslands with differing management intensities Forest edge: cereal sampling site that were situated 100 m away from a forest. Degree of intensification for agricultural fields is not mentioned	Stahlschmidt et al. (2017)
	UK	Pasture (conventional)	Not described	Wickramasinghe et al. (2003)
Myotis blythii	Switzerland	Meadows, pasture fields, orchards	Meadows: freshly cut, or among hedgerows in meadows Pasture: along hedgerows in pasture fields Orchards: intensively cultivated	Arlettaz (1996)
Myotis brandtii/mystacinus	Germany	Forest edge, meadows, vineyards, orchards, vegetable fields, cereal fields	Meadows: agricultural grasslands with differing management intensities Orchards: Apple orchard Forest edges: cereal sampling site that were situated 100 m away from a forest Degree of intensification for agricultural fields is not mentioned	Stahlschmidt et al. (2017)
	Finland	Grassland (grouped data; including meadows, arable land and pasture)	Agricultural land covered approximately 8% of the total study site. Intensification degree not described.	Wermundsen and Siivonen (2008)
Myotis capaccinii	Greece	Organic and conventional olive groves	Organic: Olive (O. europea) plantations, not chemically treated. Two of six sites practise ‘organic’ pest control (scent and sticky traps) Conventional: O. europea plantations comparable to the organic groves in age, density of trees and altitude, but treated yearly with an insecticide spray	Davy et al. (2007)
Myotis daubentonii	Germany	Forest edge, meadow, vineyard, orchard, vegetable fields, cereal fields	Meadow: agricultural grasslands with differing management intensities. Orchard: apple orchard Forest edge: cereal sampling site that were situated 100 m away from a forest Degree of intensification for agricultural fields is not mentioned	Stahlschmidt et al. (2017)
	UK	Arable land, conifer plantation	Not described	Vaughan et al. (1997)
	UK	Pasture (organic and conventional), Arable land (conventional)	Organic fields according to Soil Association and UK Register of Organic Food Standard	Wickramasinghe et al. (2003)
Myotis emarginatus	Greece	Organic and conventional olive groves	Organic: Olive (O. europea) plantations, not chemically treated. Two of six sites practice ‘organic’ pest control (scent and sticky traps) Conventional: O. europea plantations comparable to the organic groves in age, density of trees and altitude, but treated yearly with an insecticide spray	Davy et al. (2007)
Myotis myotis	Germany	Forest edge, meadow, vineyard, vegetable fields, cereal fields	Meadow: agricultural grasslands with differing management intensities Forest edge: cereal sampling site that were situated 100 m away from a forest Degree of intensification for agricultural fields is not mentioned	Stahlschmidt et al. (2017)
	Germany	Meadows, fields	Not described	Zahn et al. (2005)
	Switzerland	Meadows, pasture fields, orchards	Meadows: freshly cut, or among hedgerows in meadows. Pasture: along hedgerows in pasture fields Orchards: intensively cultivated	Arlettaz (1996)
	Portugal	Agricultural fields	Agricultural field: sites with short ground vegetation. Degree of intensification not specified	Zahn et al. (2007)
	Italy (South Tyrol)	Apple orchards	Orchards: Intensively cultivated	Drescher (2004)
Myotis mystacinus	Germany	Orchard	Orchard: mature commercial apple orchard (Braeburn variety). With approximate size of 4 ha. The entire 4 ha of the orchard were sprayed with Reldan (Dow AgroSciences) at a rate of 337 g a.i./ha against on one occasion (20 May 2009) and with Insegar (Syngenta Agro) at 150 g a.i./ha on two occasions (1 and 15 July 2009)	Stahlschmidt and Brühl (2012)
	UK	Pasture (organic and conventional), arable land (conventional)	Organic fields according to Soil Association and UK Register of Organic Food Standard	Wickramasinghe et al. (2003)
Myotis nattereri	Germany	Forest edge, meadow, vineyard, orchard, vegetable fields, cereal fields	Meadow: agricultural grasslands with differing management intensities Orchard: apple orchard Forest edge: cereal sampling site that were situated 100 m away from a forest Degree of intensification for agricultural fields is not mentioned	Stahlschmidt et al. (2017)
	Germany	Orchard	Orchard: mature commercial apple orchard (Braeburn variety). With approximate size of 4 ha. The entire 4 ha of the orchard were sprayed with Reldan (Dow AgroSciences) at a rate of 337 g a.i./ha against on one occasion (20 May 2009) and with Insegar (Syngenta Agro) at 150 g a.i./ha on two occasions (1 and 15 July 2009)	Stahlschmidt and Brühl (2012)
	Greece	Organic and conventional olive groves	Organic: Olive (O. europea) plantations, not chemically treated. Two of six sites practice ‘organic’ pest control (scent and sticky traps) Conventional: O. europea plantations comparable to the organic groves in age, density of trees and altitude, but treated yearly with an insecticide spray	Davy et al. (2007)
Myotis total	Germany	Forest edge, meadow, vineyard, orchard, vegetable fields, cereal fields	Meadow: agricultural grasslands with differing management intensities Orchard: apple orchard Forest edge: cereal sampling site that were situated 100 m away from a forest Degree of intensification for agricultural fields is not mentioned	Stahlschmidt et al. (2017)
	Greece	Organic and conventional olive groves	Organic: Olive (O. europea) plantations, not chemically treated. Two of six sites practice ‘organic’ pest control (scent and sticky traps) Conventional: O. europea plantations comparable to the organic groves in age, density of trees and altitude, but treated yearly with an insecticide spray	Davy et al. (2007)
Myotis and Plecotus spp.	UK	Arable land, conifer plantations	Not described	Vaughan et al. (1997)
Nyctalus leisleri	Germany	Forest edge, meadow, vineyard, orchard, vegetable fields, cereal fields	Meadow: agricultural grasslands with differing management intensities Orchard: apple orchard Forest edge: cereal sampling site that were situated 100 m away from a forest Degree of intensification for agricultural fields is not mentioned	Stahlschmidt et al. (2017)
	UK	Arable land, conifer plantation	Not described	Vaughan et al. (1997)
	UK	Pasture (organic and conventional), Arable land (conventional)	Organic fields according to Soil Association and UK Register of Organic Food Standard	Wickramasinghe et al. (2003)
	Italy	Chestnut woodlands, olive grove (only 1 pass recorded)	Chestnut woodlands: Sweet chestnut C. sativa Miller woodlands managed for chestnut production; traditional form of chestnut woodland management, often characterised by mature trees	Russo and Jones (2003)
	Italy	Organic and conventional rice farms	Organic rice farms covered an overall surface of 310 ha and are characterised by rice paddies not treated with synthetic pesticides and certified as organic according to the Italian law Conventional rice farms covered a surface of 272 ha and rice paddies are regularly treated with pesticides (i.e. alpha‐cypermethrin, oxadiazon, glyphosate, triciclazol)	Toffoli and Rughetti (2017)
Nyctalus noctula	Germany	Forest edge, meadow, vineyard, orchard, vegetable fields, cereal fields	Meadow: agricultural grasslands with differing management intensities Orchard: apple orchard Forest edge: cereal sampling site that were situated 100 m away from a forest Degree of intensification for agricultural fields is not mentioned	Stahlschmidt et al. (2017)
	Germany	Orchard	Orchard: mature commercial apple orchard (Braeburn variety). With approximate size of 4 ha. The entire 4 ha of the orchard were sprayed with Reldan (Dow AgroSciences) at a rate of 337 g a.i./ha against on one occasion (20 May 2009) and with Insegar (Syngenta Agro) at 150 g a.i./ha on two occasions (1 and 15 July 2009)	Stahlschmidt and Brühl (2012)
	Germany	Arable fields	Arable fields: cultivated with the locally prevailing crop types corn (N = 27), canola (N = 34) and wheat (N = 32)	Heim et al. (2016)
	UK	Arable land, conifer plantations	Not described	Vaughan et al. (1997)
	UK	Pasture (organic and conventional), Arable land (conventional)	Organic fields according to Soil Association and UK Register of Organic Food Standard	Wickramasinghe et al. (2003)
	Poland	Arable land	Arable fields: large‐scale arable fields as a main land use type. Degree of intensification is not described	Pluciński et al. (2015)
	Poland	Arable land, meadows/pastures, Orchards	Arable land: land outside settlements, used for growing any crop including rye, barley, wheat, rapeseed, maize, beet, potatoes, cucumbers or carrots (including fallows) Meadow/Pasture: grassland outside settlements used for hay production (mowed) or livestock grazing Orchards: area used for growing vegetables, flowers or fruit, with at least 50% planted by fruit trees or bushes	Ciechanowski (2015)
Nyctalus sp.	Greece	Organic olive groves	Organic: Olive (O. europea) plantations, not chemically treated. Two of six sites practice ‘organic’ pest control (scent and sticky traps)	Davy et al. (2007)
Pipistrellus kuhlii	Greece	Organic and conventional olive groves	Organic: Olive (O. europea) plantations, not chemically treated. Two of six sites practice ‘organic’ pest control (scent and sticky traps)	Davy et al. (2007)
			Conventional: O. europea plantations comparable to the organic groves in age, density of trees and altitude, but treated yearly with an insecticide spray
	Italy	Chestnut woodlands, arable land, olive grove, conifer plantations	Chestnut woodlands: sweet chestnut C. sativa Miller woodlands managed for chestnut production; traditional form of chestnut woodland management, often characterised by mature trees Arable land: generally characterised by a relatively complex mosaic of fields separated by tree lines, hedges, canals, etc. Olive groves: Olive Olea europea L. groves Conifer plantation: Conifer (Pinus spp.) plantations	Russo and Jones (2003)
	Italy	Organic and conventional rice farms	Organic rice farms covered an overall surface of 310 ha and are characterised by rice paddies not treated with synthetic pesticides and certified as organic according to the Italian law Conventional rice farms covered a surface of 272 ha and rice paddies are regularly treated with pesticides (i.e. alpha‐cypermethrin, oxadiazon, glyphosate, triciclazol)	Toffoli and Rughetti (2017)
Pipistrellus nathusii	Germany	Meadow, vineyard, orchard, vegetable fields, cereal fields, forest edge	Meadow: agricultural grasslands with differing management intensities Orchard: apple orchard Forest edge: cereal sampling site that were situated 100 m away from a forest Degree of intensification for agricultural fields is not mentioned	Stahlschmidt et al. (2017)
	Germany	Arable fields	Arable fields: cultivated with the locally prevailing crop types corn (N = 27), canola (N = 34) and wheat (N = 32)	Heim et al. (2016)
	Poland	Arable land	Arable fields: large‐scale arable fields as a main land use type. Degree of intensification is not described	Pluciński et al. (2015)
	UK	Organic pasture	Organic fields according to Soil Association and UK Register of Organic Food Standard	Wickramasinghe et al. (2003)
	Italy	Organic and conventional rice farms	Organic rice farms covered an overall surface of 310 ha and are characterised by rice paddies not treated with synthetic pesticides and certified as organic according to the Italian law Conventional rice farms covered a surface of 272 ha and rice paddies are regularly treated with pesticides (i.e. alpha‐cypermethrin, oxadiazon, glyphosate, triciclazol)	Toffoli and Rughetti (2017)
Pipistrellus kuhlii/nathusii	Italy	Organic and conventional rice farms	Organic rice farms covered an overall surface of 310 ha and are characterised by rice paddies not treated with synthetic pesticides and certified as organic according to the Italian law Conventional rice farms covered a surface of 272 ha and rice paddies are regularly treated with pesticides (i.e. alpha‐cypermethrin, oxadiazon, glyphosate, triciclazol)	Toffoli and Rughetti (2017)
Pipistrellus pipistrellus	Germany	Meadow, vineyard, orchard, vegetable fields, cereal fields, forest edge	Meadow: agricultural grasslands with differing management intensities Orchard: apple orchard Forest edge: cereal sampling site that were situated 100 m away from a forest Degree of intensification of agricultural fields is not mentioned	Stahlschmidt et al. (2017)
	Germany	Orchard	Orchard: mature commercial apple orchard (Braeburn variety). The approximate size of the orchard was 4 ha. The entire 4 ha of the orchard were sprayed with Reldan (Dow AgroSciences) at a rate of 337 g a.i./ha against the woolly apple aphid (Eriosoma lanigerum) on one occasion (20 May 2009) and with Insegar (Syngenta Agro) against the codling moth (Cydia pomonella) at 150 g a.i./ha on two occasions (1 and 15 July 2009)	Stahlschmidt and Brühl (2012)
	Germany	Arable fields	Arable fields: cultivated with the locally prevailing crop types corn (N = 27), canola (N = 34) and wheat (N = 32)	Heim et al. (2016)
	UK	Arable land, conifer plantations	Not described	Vaughan et al. (1997)
	Italy	Chestnut woodlands, arable land, olive grove, conifer plantations	Chestnut woodlands: sweet chestnut C. sativa Miller woodlands managed for chestnut production; traditional form of chestnut woodland management, often characterised by mature trees Arable land: generally characterised by a relatively complex mosaic of fields separated by tree lines, hedges, canals, etc. Olive groves: Olive Olea europea L. groves Conifer plantation: Conifer (Pinus spp.) plantations	Russo and Jones (2003)
	Italy	Organic and conventional rice farms	Organic rice farms covered an overall surface of 310 ha and are characterised by rice paddies not treated with synthetic pesticides and certified as organic according to the Italian law Conventional rice farms covered a surface of 272 ha and rice paddies are regularly treated with pesticides (i.e. alpha‐cypermethrin, oxadiazon, glyphosate, triciclazol)	Toffoli and Rughetti (2017)
	Poland	Arable land	Arable fields: large‐scale arable fields as a main land use type. Degree of intensification is not described	Pluciński et al. (2015)
	Poland	Arable land (although the availability of this habitat was very high, only a few bat passes recorded), meadows/pastures, Orchards	Arable land: Land outside settlements, used for growing any crop including rye, barley, wheat, rapeseed, maize, beet, potatoes, cucumbers or carrots (including fallows) Meadow/Pasture: grassland outside settlements used for hay production (mowed) or livestock grazing Orchards: area used for growing vegetables, flowers or fruit, with at least 50% planted by fruit trees or bushes	Ciechanowski (2015)
	The Netherlands	Agricultural fields (only type of land assessed in the study)	Old agricultural landscape type with many linear elements. Meadows and fields are separated by a network of hedgerows and tree lanes. Agricultural intensification not specified	Verboom and Huitema (1997)
	UK	Pasture (organic and conventional), Arable land (organic and conventional)	Organic fields according to Soil Association and UK Register of Organic Food Standard	Wickramasinghe et al. (2003)
Pipistrellus pygmaeus	Germany	Meadow, orchard, vegetable fields, cereal fields	Meadow: agricultural grasslands with differing management intensities Orchard: apple orchard Forest edge: cereal sampling site that were situated 100 m away from a forest. Degree of intensification for agricultural fields is not mentioned	Stahlschmidt et al. (2017)
	Germany	Cultivated and managed land	Intensification not mentioned. Land cover of cultivated and managed areas was 35.5% of the whole area	Kusch and Schmitz (2013)
	Germany	Arable fields	Arable fields: cultivated with the locally prevailing crop types corn (N = 27), canola (N = 34) and wheat (N = 32)	Heim et al. (2016)
	Italy	Chestnut woodlands, arable land, conifer plantations	Chestnut woodlands: sweet chestnut C. sativa Miller woodlands managed for chestnut production; traditional form of chestnut woodland management, often characterised by mature trees Arable land: generally characterised by a relatively complex mosaic of fields separated by tree lines, hedges, canals, etc. Conifer plantation: Conifer (Pinus spp.) plantations	Russo and Jones (2003)
	Italy	Organic and conventional rice farms	Organic rice farms covered an overall surface of 310 ha and are characterised by rice paddies not treated with synthetic pesticides and certified as organic according to the Italian law Conventional rice farms covered a surface of 272 ha and rice paddies are regularly treated with pesticides (i.e. alpha‐cypermethrin, oxadiazon, glyphosate, triciclazol)	Toffoli and Rughetti (2017)
	Poland	Arable land	Arable fields: large‐scale arable fields as a main land use type. Degree of intensification is not described	Pluciński et al. (2015)
	Poland	Arable land (although the availability of this habitat was very high, only a few bat passes recorded), meadows/pastures, orchards	Arable land: land outside settlements, used for growing any crop including rye, barley, wheat, rapeseed, maize, beet, potatoes, cucumbers or carrots (including fallows) Meadow/Pasture: grassland outside settlements used for hay production (mowed) or livestock grazing Orchards: area used for growing vegetables, flowers or fruit, with at least 50% planted by fruit trees or bushes	Ciechanowski (2015)
	Czech Republic	Pastures/meadows	Not described	Bartonicka and Rehak (2010)
	UK	Pasture (organic and conventional), arable land (organic and conventional)	Organic fields according to Soil Association and UK Register of Organic Food Standard	Wickramasinghe et al. (2003)
	UK	Arable land, conifer plantations	Not described	Vaughan et al. (1997)
	Spain	Rice paddies	Large‐scale rice cultivations at the Delta de l'Ebro, where bats play a considerable role of pest suppression of the rice borer moth (Chilo suppressalis)	Flaquer et al. (2006); Puig‐Montserrat et al. (2015)
Pipistrellus total	Germany	Meadow, vineyard, orchard, vegetable fields, cereal fields, forest edge	Meadow: agricultural grasslands with differing management intensities Orchard: Apple orchard Forest edge: cereal sampling site that were situated 100 m away from a forest Degree of intensification for agricultural fields is not mentioned	Stahlschmidt et al. (2017)
Plecotus auritus	Germany	Forest edge, meadow, vineyard, orchard, vegetable fields, cereal fields	Meadow: agricultural grasslands with differing management intensities Orchard: Apple orchard Forest edge: cereal sampling site that were situated 100 m away from a forest Degree of intensification for agricultural fields is not mentioned	Stahlschmidt et al. (2017)
	Finland	Grassland (grouped data; including meadows, arable land and pasture)	Agricultural land covered approximately 8% of the total study site. Intensification degree not described	Wermundsen and Siivonen (2008)
Plecotus sp.	Italy	Organic and conventional rice farms	Organic rice farms covered an overall surface of 310 ha and are characterised by rice paddies not treated with synthetic pesticides and certified as organic according to the Italian law Conventional rice farms covered a surface of 272 ha and rice paddies are regularly treated with pesticides (i.e. alpha‐cypermethrin, oxadiazon, glyphosate, triciclazol)	Toffoli and Rughetti (2017)
Vespertilio murinus	Switzerland/Germany	Open (agricultural) fields	Not defined	Safi et al. (2007)
Vespertilionidae total	Greece	Organic and conventional olive groves	Organic: Olive (O. europea) plantations, not chemically treated. Two of six sites practice ‘organic’ pest control (scent and sticky traps) Conventional: O. europea plantations comparable to the organic groves in age, density of trees and altitude, but treated yearly with an insecticide spray	Davy et al. (2007)
Miniopterus schreibersii	Greece	Organic and conventional olive groves	Organic: Olive (O. europea) plantations, not chemically treated. Two of six sites practice ‘organic’ pest control (scent and sticky traps) Conventional: O. europea plantations comparable to the organic groves in age, density of trees and altitude, but treated yearly with an insecticide spray	Davy et al. (2007)
	Italy	Chestnut woodland, olive groves, conifer plantation	Chestnut woodlands: Sweet chestnut C. sativa Miller woodlands managed for chestnut production; traditional form of chestnut woodland management, often characterised by mature trees Olive groves: Olive Olea europea L. groves Conifer plantation: Conifer (Pinus spp.) plantations	Russo and Jones (2003)
	Southern Europe, 16 sampling sites along a W‐E transect	Broad range of agricultural landscapes, also including intensive agriculture	Clear evidence that bats forage in farmland – 44 pest prey found it diet, 22 of which categorised as major pests. Trophic spectrum narrows along with an increase in intensive agriculture within 30 km around each sampling site	Aizpurua et al. (2018)
Tadarida teniotis	Greece	Organic and conventional olive groves	Organic: Olive (O. europea) plantations, not chemically treated. Two of six sites practice ‘organic’ pest control (scent and sticky traps) Conventional: O. europea plantations comparable to the organic groves in age, density of trees and altitude, but treated yearly with an insecticide spray	Davy et al. (2007)

a.i.: active ingredient.