Table C.1.
Species | Country | Agricultural type | Degree of intensification/description of sites | Reference |
---|---|---|---|---|
Rhinolophus euryale | Italy | Olive groves | Patches of olive groves managed traditionally interspersed with broadleaf forest | Russo et al. (2002) |
Rhinolophus ferrumequinum | Greece | Organic and conventional olive groves |
Organic: Olive (Olea europea) plantations, not chemically treated. Two of six sites practice ‘organic’ pest control (scent and sticky traps) Conventional: O. europea plantations comparable to the organic groves in age, density of trees and altitude, but treated yearly with an insecticide spray |
Davy et al. (2007) |
Italy | Olive groves | Olive groves: Olive Olea europea L. groves | Russo and Jones (2003) | |
Rhinolophus hipposideros | Greece | Organic and conventional olive groves |
Organic: Olive (O. europea) plantations, not chemically treated. Two of six sites practice ‘organic’ pest control (scent and sticky traps) Conventional: O. europea plantations comparable to the organic groves in age, density of trees and altitude, but treated yearly with an insecticide spray |
Davy et al. (2007) |
Rhinolophus mehelyi | Spain | Traditional ‘dehesas’ | Open oak forest managed traditionally for agriculture and livestock breeding | Russo et al. (2005a,b) |
Rhinolophus total | UK | Conifer plantation | Not described | Vaughan et al. (1997) |
Greece | Organic and conventional olive groves | Organic: Olive (O. europea) plantations, not chemically treated. Two of six sites practice ‘organic’ pest control (scent and sticky traps) | Davy et al. (2007) | |
Conventional: O. europea plantations comparable to the organic groves in age, density of trees and altitude, but treated yearly with an insecticide spray | Davy et al. (2007) | |||
Barbastella barbastellus | Germany | Meadow, forest edge (species was only observed 3× in total in the study) |
Meadow: agricultural grasslands with differing management intensities Forest edge: cereal sampling site that were situated 100 m away from a forest Degree of intensification for agricultural fields is not mentioned |
Stahlschmidt et al. (2017) |
Eptesicus nilssonii | Germany | Forest edge, meadow, vineyard, orchard, vegetable fields, cereal fields |
Meadow: agricultural grasslands with differing management intensities Orchard: Apple orchard Forest edge: cereal sampling site that were situated 100 m away from a forest Degree of intensification for agricultural fields is not mentioned |
Stahlschmidt et al. (2017) |
Sweden | Farmland | Not described | Rydell (1986) | |
Finland | Grassland (grouped data; including meadows, arable land and pasture) | Agricultural land covered approximately 8% of the total study site. Intensification degree not described | Wermundsen and Siivonen (2008) | |
Eptesicus serotinus | Germany | Forest edge, meadow, vineyard, orchard, vegetable fields, cereal fields |
Meadow: agricultural grasslands with differing management intensities Orchard: Apple orchard Forest edge: cereal sampling site that were situated 100 m away from a forest Degree of intensification for agricultural fields is not mentioned |
Stahlschmidt et al. (2017) |
Germany | Orchard | Orchard: mature commercial apple orchard (Braeburn variety). With approximate size of 4 ha. The entire 4 ha of the orchard were sprayed with Reldan (Dow AgroSciences) at a rate of 337 g a.i./ha against on one occasion (20 May 2009) and with Insegar (Syngenta Agro) at 150 g a.i./ha on two occasions (1 and 15 July 2009) | Stahlschmidt and Brühl (2012) | |
UK | Arable land | Not described | Vaughan et al. (1997) | |
UK | Pasture (organic and conventional), Arable land (conventional) | Organic fields according to Soil Association and UK Register of Organic Food Standard | Wickramasinghe et al. (2003) | |
The Netherlands | Agricultural fields (only type of land assessed in the study) | Old agricultural landscape type with many linear elements. Meadows and fields are separated by a network of hedgerows and tree lanes. Agricultural intensification not specified | Verboom and Huitema (1997) | |
Italy | Arable land | Arable land: generally characterised by a relatively complex mosaic of fields separated by tree lines, hedges, canals, etc. | Russo and Jones (2003) | |
Italy | Organic and conventional rice farms |
Organic rice farms covered an overall surface of 310 ha and are characterised by rice paddies not treated with synthetic pesticides and certified as organic according to the Italian law Conventional rice farms covered a surface of 272 ha and rice paddies are regularly treated with pesticides (i.e. alpha‐cypermethrin, oxadiazon, glyphosate, triciclazol) |
Toffoli and Rughetti (2017) | |
Poland | Arable land | Arable fields: large‐scale arable fields as a main land use type. Degree of intensification is not described | Pluciński et al. (2015) | |
Poland | Arable land, meadows/pastures, Orchards | Arable land: Land outside settlements, used for growing any crop including rye, barley, wheat, rapeseed, maize, beet, potatoes, cucumbers or carrots (including fallows) | Ciechanowski (2015) | |
Meadow/Pasture: Grassland outside settlements used for hay production (mowed) or livestock grazing | ||||
Orchards: Area used for growing vegetables, flowers or fruit, with at least 50% planted by fruit trees or bushes | ||||
Eptesicus/Nyctalus total | Germany | Forest edge, meadow, vineyard, orchard, vegetable fields, cereal fields |
Meadow: agricultural grasslands with differing management intensities Orchard: Apple orchard Forest edge: cereal sampling site that were situated 100 m away from a forest. Degree of intensification for agricultural fields is not mentioned |
Stahlschmidt et al. (2017) |
Hypsugo savii | Greece | Organic and conventional olive groves |
Organic: Olive (O. europea) plantations, not chemically treated. Two of six sites practice ‘organic’ pest control (scent and sticky traps) Conventional: O. europea plantations comparable to the organic groves in age, density of trees and altitude, but treated yearly with an insecticide spray |
Davy et al. (2007) |
Italy | Chestnut woodlands, arable land, olive grove, conifer plantations |
Chestnut woodlands: Sweet chestnut Castanea sativa Miller woodlands managed for chestnut production; traditional form of chestnut woodland management, often characterised by mature trees Arable land: generally characterised by a relatively complex mosaic of fields separated by tree lines, hedges, canals, etc. Olive groves: Olive O. europea L. groves Conifer plantation: Conifer (Pinus spp.) plantations |
Russo and Jones (2003) | |
Italy | Organic and conventional rice farms |
Organic rice farms covered an overall surface of 310 ha and are characterised by rice paddies not treated with synthetic pesticides and certified as organic according to the Italian law Conventional rice farms covered a surface of 272 ha and rice paddies are regularly treated with pesticides (i.e. alpha‐cypermethrin, oxadiazon, glyphosate, triciclazol) |
Toffoli and Rughetti (2017) | |
Myotis bechsteinii | Germany | Forest edge, meadow, vineyard, vegetable field |
Meadow: agricultural grasslands with differing management intensities Forest edge: cereal sampling site that were situated 100 m away from a forest. Degree of intensification for agricultural fields is not mentioned |
Stahlschmidt et al. (2017) |
UK | Pasture (conventional) | Not described | Wickramasinghe et al. (2003) | |
Myotis blythii | Switzerland | Meadows, pasture fields, orchards |
Meadows: freshly cut, or among hedgerows in meadows Pasture: along hedgerows in pasture fields Orchards: intensively cultivated |
Arlettaz (1996) |
Myotis brandtii/mystacinus | Germany | Forest edge, meadows, vineyards, orchards, vegetable fields, cereal fields |
Meadows: agricultural grasslands with differing management intensities Orchards: Apple orchard Forest edges: cereal sampling site that were situated 100 m away from a forest Degree of intensification for agricultural fields is not mentioned |
Stahlschmidt et al. (2017) |
Finland | Grassland (grouped data; including meadows, arable land and pasture) | Agricultural land covered approximately 8% of the total study site. Intensification degree not described. | Wermundsen and Siivonen (2008) | |
Myotis capaccinii | Greece | Organic and conventional olive groves |
Organic: Olive (O. europea) plantations, not chemically treated. Two of six sites practise ‘organic’ pest control (scent and sticky traps) Conventional: O. europea plantations comparable to the organic groves in age, density of trees and altitude, but treated yearly with an insecticide spray |
Davy et al. (2007) |
Myotis daubentonii | Germany | Forest edge, meadow, vineyard, orchard, vegetable fields, cereal fields |
Meadow: agricultural grasslands with differing management intensities. Orchard: apple orchard Forest edge: cereal sampling site that were situated 100 m away from a forest Degree of intensification for agricultural fields is not mentioned |
Stahlschmidt et al. (2017) |
UK | Arable land, conifer plantation | Not described | Vaughan et al. (1997) | |
UK | Pasture (organic and conventional), Arable land (conventional) | Organic fields according to Soil Association and UK Register of Organic Food Standard | Wickramasinghe et al. (2003) | |
Myotis emarginatus | Greece | Organic and conventional olive groves |
Organic: Olive (O. europea) plantations, not chemically treated. Two of six sites practice ‘organic’ pest control (scent and sticky traps) Conventional: O. europea plantations comparable to the organic groves in age, density of trees and altitude, but treated yearly with an insecticide spray |
Davy et al. (2007) |
Myotis myotis | Germany | Forest edge, meadow, vineyard, vegetable fields, cereal fields |
Meadow: agricultural grasslands with differing management intensities Forest edge: cereal sampling site that were situated 100 m away from a forest Degree of intensification for agricultural fields is not mentioned |
Stahlschmidt et al. (2017) |
Germany | Meadows, fields | Not described | Zahn et al. (2005) | |
Switzerland | Meadows, pasture fields, orchards |
Meadows: freshly cut, or among hedgerows in meadows. Pasture: along hedgerows in pasture fields Orchards: intensively cultivated |
Arlettaz (1996) | |
Portugal | Agricultural fields | Agricultural field: sites with short ground vegetation. Degree of intensification not specified | Zahn et al. (2007) | |
Italy (South Tyrol) | Apple orchards | Orchards: Intensively cultivated | Drescher (2004) | |
Myotis mystacinus | Germany | Orchard | Orchard: mature commercial apple orchard (Braeburn variety). With approximate size of 4 ha. The entire 4 ha of the orchard were sprayed with Reldan (Dow AgroSciences) at a rate of 337 g a.i./ha against on one occasion (20 May 2009) and with Insegar (Syngenta Agro) at 150 g a.i./ha on two occasions (1 and 15 July 2009) | Stahlschmidt and Brühl (2012) |
UK | Pasture (organic and conventional), arable land (conventional) | Organic fields according to Soil Association and UK Register of Organic Food Standard | Wickramasinghe et al. (2003) | |
Myotis nattereri | Germany | Forest edge, meadow, vineyard, orchard, vegetable fields, cereal fields |
Meadow: agricultural grasslands with differing management intensities Orchard: apple orchard Forest edge: cereal sampling site that were situated 100 m away from a forest Degree of intensification for agricultural fields is not mentioned |
Stahlschmidt et al. (2017) |
Germany | Orchard | Orchard: mature commercial apple orchard (Braeburn variety). With approximate size of 4 ha. The entire 4 ha of the orchard were sprayed with Reldan (Dow AgroSciences) at a rate of 337 g a.i./ha against on one occasion (20 May 2009) and with Insegar (Syngenta Agro) at 150 g a.i./ha on two occasions (1 and 15 July 2009) | Stahlschmidt and Brühl (2012) | |
Greece | Organic and conventional olive groves |
Organic: Olive (O. europea) plantations, not chemically treated. Two of six sites practice ‘organic’ pest control (scent and sticky traps) Conventional: O. europea plantations comparable to the organic groves in age, density of trees and altitude, but treated yearly with an insecticide spray |
Davy et al. (2007) | |
Myotis total | Germany | Forest edge, meadow, vineyard, orchard, vegetable fields, cereal fields |
Meadow: agricultural grasslands with differing management intensities Orchard: apple orchard Forest edge: cereal sampling site that were situated 100 m away from a forest Degree of intensification for agricultural fields is not mentioned |
Stahlschmidt et al. (2017) |
Greece | Organic and conventional olive groves |
Organic: Olive (O. europea) plantations, not chemically treated. Two of six sites practice ‘organic’ pest control (scent and sticky traps) Conventional: O. europea plantations comparable to the organic groves in age, density of trees and altitude, but treated yearly with an insecticide spray |
Davy et al. (2007) | |
Myotis and Plecotus spp. | UK | Arable land, conifer plantations | Not described | Vaughan et al. (1997) |
Nyctalus leisleri | Germany | Forest edge, meadow, vineyard, orchard, vegetable fields, cereal fields |
Meadow: agricultural grasslands with differing management intensities Orchard: apple orchard Forest edge: cereal sampling site that were situated 100 m away from a forest Degree of intensification for agricultural fields is not mentioned |
Stahlschmidt et al. (2017) |
UK | Arable land, conifer plantation | Not described | Vaughan et al. (1997) | |
UK | Pasture (organic and conventional), Arable land (conventional) | Organic fields according to Soil Association and UK Register of Organic Food Standard | Wickramasinghe et al. (2003) | |
Italy | Chestnut woodlands, olive grove (only 1 pass recorded) | Chestnut woodlands: Sweet chestnut C. sativa Miller woodlands managed for chestnut production; traditional form of chestnut woodland management, often characterised by mature trees | Russo and Jones (2003) | |
Italy | Organic and conventional rice farms |
Organic rice farms covered an overall surface of 310 ha and are characterised by rice paddies not treated with synthetic pesticides and certified as organic according to the Italian law Conventional rice farms covered a surface of 272 ha and rice paddies are regularly treated with pesticides (i.e. alpha‐cypermethrin, oxadiazon, glyphosate, triciclazol) |
Toffoli and Rughetti (2017) | |
Nyctalus noctula | Germany | Forest edge, meadow, vineyard, orchard, vegetable fields, cereal fields |
Meadow: agricultural grasslands with differing management intensities Orchard: apple orchard Forest edge: cereal sampling site that were situated 100 m away from a forest Degree of intensification for agricultural fields is not mentioned |
Stahlschmidt et al. (2017) |
Germany | Orchard | Orchard: mature commercial apple orchard (Braeburn variety). With approximate size of 4 ha. The entire 4 ha of the orchard were sprayed with Reldan (Dow AgroSciences) at a rate of 337 g a.i./ha against on one occasion (20 May 2009) and with Insegar (Syngenta Agro) at 150 g a.i./ha on two occasions (1 and 15 July 2009) | Stahlschmidt and Brühl (2012) | |
Germany | Arable fields | Arable fields: cultivated with the locally prevailing crop types corn (N = 27), canola (N = 34) and wheat (N = 32) | Heim et al. (2016) | |
UK | Arable land, conifer plantations | Not described | Vaughan et al. (1997) | |
UK | Pasture (organic and conventional), Arable land (conventional) | Organic fields according to Soil Association and UK Register of Organic Food Standard | Wickramasinghe et al. (2003) | |
Poland | Arable land | Arable fields: large‐scale arable fields as a main land use type. Degree of intensification is not described | Pluciński et al. (2015) | |
Poland | Arable land, meadows/pastures, Orchards |
Arable land: land outside settlements, used for growing any crop including rye, barley, wheat, rapeseed, maize, beet, potatoes, cucumbers or carrots (including fallows) Meadow/Pasture: grassland outside settlements used for hay production (mowed) or livestock grazing Orchards: area used for growing vegetables, flowers or fruit, with at least 50% planted by fruit trees or bushes |
Ciechanowski (2015) | |
Nyctalus sp. | Greece | Organic olive groves | Organic: Olive (O. europea) plantations, not chemically treated. Two of six sites practice ‘organic’ pest control (scent and sticky traps) | Davy et al. (2007) |
Pipistrellus kuhlii | Greece | Organic and conventional olive groves | Organic: Olive (O. europea) plantations, not chemically treated. Two of six sites practice ‘organic’ pest control (scent and sticky traps) | Davy et al. (2007) |
Conventional: O. europea plantations comparable to the organic groves in age, density of trees and altitude, but treated yearly with an insecticide spray | ||||
Italy | Chestnut woodlands, arable land, olive grove, conifer plantations |
Chestnut woodlands: sweet chestnut C. sativa Miller woodlands managed for chestnut production; traditional form of chestnut woodland management, often characterised by mature trees Arable land: generally characterised by a relatively complex mosaic of fields separated by tree lines, hedges, canals, etc. Olive groves: Olive Olea europea L. groves Conifer plantation: Conifer (Pinus spp.) plantations |
Russo and Jones (2003) | |
Italy | Organic and conventional rice farms |
Organic rice farms covered an overall surface of 310 ha and are characterised by rice paddies not treated with synthetic pesticides and certified as organic according to the Italian law Conventional rice farms covered a surface of 272 ha and rice paddies are regularly treated with pesticides (i.e. alpha‐cypermethrin, oxadiazon, glyphosate, triciclazol) |
Toffoli and Rughetti (2017) | |
Pipistrellus nathusii | Germany | Meadow, vineyard, orchard, vegetable fields, cereal fields, forest edge |
Meadow: agricultural grasslands with differing management intensities Orchard: apple orchard Forest edge: cereal sampling site that were situated 100 m away from a forest Degree of intensification for agricultural fields is not mentioned |
Stahlschmidt et al. (2017) |
Germany | Arable fields | Arable fields: cultivated with the locally prevailing crop types corn (N = 27), canola (N = 34) and wheat (N = 32) | Heim et al. (2016) | |
Poland | Arable land | Arable fields: large‐scale arable fields as a main land use type. Degree of intensification is not described | Pluciński et al. (2015) | |
UK | Organic pasture | Organic fields according to Soil Association and UK Register of Organic Food Standard | Wickramasinghe et al. (2003) | |
Italy | Organic and conventional rice farms |
Organic rice farms covered an overall surface of 310 ha and are characterised by rice paddies not treated with synthetic pesticides and certified as organic according to the Italian law Conventional rice farms covered a surface of 272 ha and rice paddies are regularly treated with pesticides (i.e. alpha‐cypermethrin, oxadiazon, glyphosate, triciclazol) |
Toffoli and Rughetti (2017) | |
Pipistrellus kuhlii/nathusii | Italy | Organic and conventional rice farms |
Organic rice farms covered an overall surface of 310 ha and are characterised by rice paddies not treated with synthetic pesticides and certified as organic according to the Italian law Conventional rice farms covered a surface of 272 ha and rice paddies are regularly treated with pesticides (i.e. alpha‐cypermethrin, oxadiazon, glyphosate, triciclazol) |
Toffoli and Rughetti (2017) |
Pipistrellus pipistrellus | Germany | Meadow, vineyard, orchard, vegetable fields, cereal fields, forest edge |
Meadow: agricultural grasslands with differing management intensities Orchard: apple orchard Forest edge: cereal sampling site that were situated 100 m away from a forest Degree of intensification of agricultural fields is not mentioned |
Stahlschmidt et al. (2017) |
Germany | Orchard | Orchard: mature commercial apple orchard (Braeburn variety). The approximate size of the orchard was 4 ha. The entire 4 ha of the orchard were sprayed with Reldan (Dow AgroSciences) at a rate of 337 g a.i./ha against the woolly apple aphid (Eriosoma lanigerum) on one occasion (20 May 2009) and with Insegar (Syngenta Agro) against the codling moth (Cydia pomonella) at 150 g a.i./ha on two occasions (1 and 15 July 2009) | Stahlschmidt and Brühl (2012) | |
Germany | Arable fields | Arable fields: cultivated with the locally prevailing crop types corn (N = 27), canola (N = 34) and wheat (N = 32) | Heim et al. (2016) | |
UK | Arable land, conifer plantations | Not described | Vaughan et al. (1997) | |
Italy | Chestnut woodlands, arable land, olive grove, conifer plantations |
Chestnut woodlands: sweet chestnut C. sativa Miller woodlands managed for chestnut production; traditional form of chestnut woodland management, often characterised by mature trees Arable land: generally characterised by a relatively complex mosaic of fields separated by tree lines, hedges, canals, etc. Olive groves: Olive Olea europea L. groves Conifer plantation: Conifer (Pinus spp.) plantations |
Russo and Jones (2003) | |
Italy | Organic and conventional rice farms |
Organic rice farms covered an overall surface of 310 ha and are characterised by rice paddies not treated with synthetic pesticides and certified as organic according to the Italian law Conventional rice farms covered a surface of 272 ha and rice paddies are regularly treated with pesticides (i.e. alpha‐cypermethrin, oxadiazon, glyphosate, triciclazol) |
Toffoli and Rughetti (2017) | |
Poland | Arable land | Arable fields: large‐scale arable fields as a main land use type. Degree of intensification is not described | Pluciński et al. (2015) | |
Poland | Arable land (although the availability of this habitat was very high, only a few bat passes recorded), meadows/pastures, Orchards |
Arable land: Land outside settlements, used for growing any crop including rye, barley, wheat, rapeseed, maize, beet, potatoes, cucumbers or carrots (including fallows) Meadow/Pasture: grassland outside settlements used for hay production (mowed) or livestock grazing Orchards: area used for growing vegetables, flowers or fruit, with at least 50% planted by fruit trees or bushes |
Ciechanowski (2015) | |
The Netherlands | Agricultural fields (only type of land assessed in the study) | Old agricultural landscape type with many linear elements. Meadows and fields are separated by a network of hedgerows and tree lanes. Agricultural intensification not specified | Verboom and Huitema (1997) | |
UK | Pasture (organic and conventional), Arable land (organic and conventional) | Organic fields according to Soil Association and UK Register of Organic Food Standard | Wickramasinghe et al. (2003) | |
Pipistrellus pygmaeus | Germany | Meadow, orchard, vegetable fields, cereal fields |
Meadow: agricultural grasslands with differing management intensities Orchard: apple orchard Forest edge: cereal sampling site that were situated 100 m away from a forest. Degree of intensification for agricultural fields is not mentioned |
Stahlschmidt et al. (2017) |
Germany | Cultivated and managed land | Intensification not mentioned. Land cover of cultivated and managed areas was 35.5% of the whole area | Kusch and Schmitz (2013) | |
Germany | Arable fields | Arable fields: cultivated with the locally prevailing crop types corn (N = 27), canola (N = 34) and wheat (N = 32) | Heim et al. (2016) | |
Italy | Chestnut woodlands, arable land, conifer plantations |
Chestnut woodlands: sweet chestnut C. sativa Miller woodlands managed for chestnut production; traditional form of chestnut woodland management, often characterised by mature trees Arable land: generally characterised by a relatively complex mosaic of fields separated by tree lines, hedges, canals, etc. Conifer plantation: Conifer (Pinus spp.) plantations |
Russo and Jones (2003) | |
Italy | Organic and conventional rice farms |
Organic rice farms covered an overall surface of 310 ha and are characterised by rice paddies not treated with synthetic pesticides and certified as organic according to the Italian law Conventional rice farms covered a surface of 272 ha and rice paddies are regularly treated with pesticides (i.e. alpha‐cypermethrin, oxadiazon, glyphosate, triciclazol) |
Toffoli and Rughetti (2017) | |
Poland | Arable land | Arable fields: large‐scale arable fields as a main land use type. Degree of intensification is not described | Pluciński et al. (2015) | |
Poland | Arable land (although the availability of this habitat was very high, only a few bat passes recorded), meadows/pastures, orchards |
Arable land: land outside settlements, used for growing any crop including rye, barley, wheat, rapeseed, maize, beet, potatoes, cucumbers or carrots (including fallows) Meadow/Pasture: grassland outside settlements used for hay production (mowed) or livestock grazing Orchards: area used for growing vegetables, flowers or fruit, with at least 50% planted by fruit trees or bushes |
Ciechanowski (2015) | |
Czech Republic | Pastures/meadows | Not described | Bartonicka and Rehak (2010) | |
UK | Pasture (organic and conventional), arable land (organic and conventional) | Organic fields according to Soil Association and UK Register of Organic Food Standard | Wickramasinghe et al. (2003) | |
UK | Arable land, conifer plantations | Not described | Vaughan et al. (1997) | |
Spain | Rice paddies | Large‐scale rice cultivations at the Delta de l'Ebro, where bats play a considerable role of pest suppression of the rice borer moth (Chilo suppressalis) | Flaquer et al. (2006); Puig‐Montserrat et al. (2015) | |
Pipistrellus total | Germany | Meadow, vineyard, orchard, vegetable fields, cereal fields, forest edge |
Meadow: agricultural grasslands with differing management intensities Orchard: Apple orchard Forest edge: cereal sampling site that were situated 100 m away from a forest Degree of intensification for agricultural fields is not mentioned |
Stahlschmidt et al. (2017) |
Plecotus auritus | Germany | Forest edge, meadow, vineyard, orchard, vegetable fields, cereal fields |
Meadow: agricultural grasslands with differing management intensities Orchard: Apple orchard Forest edge: cereal sampling site that were situated 100 m away from a forest Degree of intensification for agricultural fields is not mentioned |
Stahlschmidt et al. (2017) |
Finland | Grassland (grouped data; including meadows, arable land and pasture) | Agricultural land covered approximately 8% of the total study site. Intensification degree not described | Wermundsen and Siivonen (2008) | |
Plecotus sp. | Italy | Organic and conventional rice farms |
Organic rice farms covered an overall surface of 310 ha and are characterised by rice paddies not treated with synthetic pesticides and certified as organic according to the Italian law Conventional rice farms covered a surface of 272 ha and rice paddies are regularly treated with pesticides (i.e. alpha‐cypermethrin, oxadiazon, glyphosate, triciclazol) |
Toffoli and Rughetti (2017) |
Vespertilio murinus | Switzerland/Germany | Open (agricultural) fields | Not defined | Safi et al. (2007) |
Vespertilionidae total | Greece | Organic and conventional olive groves |
Organic: Olive (O. europea) plantations, not chemically treated. Two of six sites practice ‘organic’ pest control (scent and sticky traps) Conventional: O. europea plantations comparable to the organic groves in age, density of trees and altitude, but treated yearly with an insecticide spray |
Davy et al. (2007) |
Miniopterus schreibersii | Greece | Organic and conventional olive groves |
Organic: Olive (O. europea) plantations, not chemically treated. Two of six sites practice ‘organic’ pest control (scent and sticky traps) Conventional: O. europea plantations comparable to the organic groves in age, density of trees and altitude, but treated yearly with an insecticide spray |
Davy et al. (2007) |
Italy | Chestnut woodland, olive groves, conifer plantation |
Chestnut woodlands: Sweet chestnut C. sativa Miller woodlands managed for chestnut production; traditional form of chestnut woodland management, often characterised by mature trees Olive groves: Olive Olea europea L. groves Conifer plantation: Conifer (Pinus spp.) plantations |
Russo and Jones (2003) | |
Southern Europe, 16 sampling sites along a W‐E transect | Broad range of agricultural landscapes, also including intensive agriculture | Clear evidence that bats forage in farmland – 44 pest prey found it diet, 22 of which categorised as major pests. Trophic spectrum narrows along with an increase in intensive agriculture within 30 km around each sampling site | Aizpurua et al. (2018) | |
Tadarida teniotis | Greece | Organic and conventional olive groves |
Organic: Olive (O. europea) plantations, not chemically treated. Two of six sites practice ‘organic’ pest control (scent and sticky traps) Conventional: O. europea plantations comparable to the organic groves in age, density of trees and altitude, but treated yearly with an insecticide spray |
Davy et al. (2007) |
a.i.: active ingredient.