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. 2019 Feb 27;17(2):e05598. doi: 10.2903/j.efsa.2019.5598

Table 43.

Occurrence of presumptive ESBL‐ and/or AmpC‐producing E. coli isolates in meat from pigs collected within the specific ESBLs‐/AmpC‐/carbapenemase‐producing monitoring and subjected to supplementary testing in 2017a

Country  NP2  ESBL and/or AmpCa ESBLb ESBL only CLA/CTX SYNc ESBL only CLA/CAZ SYNd AmpCe AmpC + ESBLf CPsg
n %h n %h n %h n %h n %h n %h n %h
Austria 32 32 100 29 90.6 6 18.8 0 0 6 18.8 3 9.4 0 0
Belgium 13 13 100 13 100 4 30.8 1 7.7 3 23.1 3 23.1 0 0
Bulgaria 18 18 100 15 83.3 4 22.2 0 0 3 16.7 0 0 0 0
Croatia 9 9 100 8 88.9 4 44.4 0 0 1 11.1 0 0 0 0
Cyprus 4 4 100 2 50 1 25 0 0 2 50 0 0 0 0
Czech Republic 42 41 97.6 30 71.4 19 45.2 1 2.4 11 26.2 0 0 0 0
Denmarki 7 7 100 6 85.7 4 57.1 0 0 1 14.3 0 0 0 0
Estonia 3 3 100 2 66.7 0 0 0 0 1 33.3 0 0 0 0
France 1 1 100 1 100 1 100 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Germany 19 19 100 17 89.5 7 36.8 0 0 4 21.1 2 10.5 0 0
Greece 10 10 100 9 90 2 20 0 0 1 10 0 0 0 0
Hungary 15 15 100 11 73.3 2 13.3 0 0 5 33.3 1 6.7 0 0
Ireland 11 11 100 7 63.6 5 45.5 0 0 4 36.4 0 0 0 0
Italyi 21 21 100 19 90.5 9 42.9 0 0 2 9.5 0 0 0 0
Latviai 13 13 100 12 92.3 4 30.8 0 0 2 15.4 1 7.7 0 0
Lithuania 4 4 100 4 100 3 75 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Malta 16 16 100 13 81.3 5 31.3 0 0 4 25 1 6.3 0 0
Netherlandsi 3 3 100 2 66.7 0 0 0 0 1 33.3 0 0 0 0
Poland 17 17 100 11 64.7 6 35.3 0 0 7 41.2 1 5.9 0 0
Portugal 23 23 100 18 78.3 7 30.4 0 0 7 30.4 2 8.7 0 0
Romaniaj 44 43 97.7 29 65.9 10 22.7 0 0 14 31.8 0 0 0 0
Slovakia 11 11 100 8 72.7 2 18.2 0 0 3 27.3 0 0 0 0
Slovenia 7 7 100 3 42.9 1 14.3 0 0 4 57.1 0 0 0 0
Spain 36 36 100 29 80.6 11 30.6 0 0 12 33.3 5 13.9 0 0
United Kingdom 1 1 100 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 100 0 0 0 0
Total (25 MSs) 380 378 99.5 298 78.4 117 30.8 2 0.5 99 26.1 19 5 0 0
Norway 1 1 100 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 100 0 0 0 0
Switzerland 1 1 100 1 100 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

ESBL: extended‐spectrum β‐lactamase; n: isolates with this phenotype; %: percentage of isolates from the total tested; SYN: synergy; CTX: cefotaxime; CAZ: ceftazidime; CLA: clavulanate; MSs: Member States.

a

According to EUCAST Guidelines (EUCAST, 2013), only isolates showing an MIC > 1 mg/L for cefotaxime and/or ceftazidime (screening breakpoint) were considered (see Section 2 Materials and methods).

b

All isolates showing clavulanate synergy with cefotaxime, ceftazidime or with both compounds, suggesting the presence of an ESBL (independently of the presence of other mechanisms).

c

Isolates showing synergy with cefotaxime only, suggesting the presence of an ESBL with cefotaximase activity.

d

Isolates showing synergy with ceftazidime only, suggesting the presence of an ESBL with ceftazidimase activity.

e

Isolates with microbiological resistance to cefoxitin, suggesting the presence of an AmpC enzyme (independently of the presence of other mechanisms).

f

Isolates showing synergy with cefotaxime or ceftazidime and with microbiological resistance to cefoxitin, suggesting the presence of ESBL and AmpC enzymes in the same isolate. These isolates are also included in the ESBL and AmpC columns.

g

Isolates with microbiological meropenem resistance.

h

Percentage of the total number of E. coli isolates tested (with panel 2).

i

Molecular data were provided by

Denmark, 6 ESBLs: CTX‐M (1 CTX‐M‐14, 5 CTX‐M‐1)

Italy, 19 ESBLs: 16 CTX‐M, 2 SHV, 1 TEM‐52

Netherlands: 2 ESBL: 2 CTX‐M (1 CTX‐M‐1, 2 CTX‐M‐15); AmpC: 1 AmpC mutations.

Latvia reported 12 isolates with ESBL pheno‐/genotype, 1 isolate with an ESBL+ AmpC pheno‐/genotype (no genes reported).

j

It includes isolates microbiologically resistant to cefotaxime and/or ceftazidime but with MIC ≤ 1 mg/L for both antimicrobials, suggesting the presence of other mechanisms (as stated above, they were not further classified).