Table 45.
Occurrence of presumptive ESBL‐ and/or AmpC‐producing E. coli isolates from fattening pigs collected within the specific ESBLs‐/AmpC‐/carbapenemase‐producing monitoring and subjected to supplementary testing in 2017a
| Country | NP2 | ESBL and/or AmpCa | ESBLb | ESBL only CLA/CTX SYNc | ESBL only CLA/CAZ SYNd | AmpCe | AmpC + ESBLf | CPsg | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | %h | n | %h | n | %h | n | %h | n | %h | n | %h | n | %h | ||
| Austria | 181 | 181 | 100.0 | 171 | 94.5 | 33 | 18.2 | 0 | 0.0 | 12 | 6.6 | 2 | 1.1 | 0 | 0.0 |
| Belgiumi | 171 | 166 | 97.1 | 154 | 90.1 | 67 | 39.2 | 2 | 1.2 | 15 | 8.8 | 3 | 1.8 | 0 | 0.0 |
| Bulgaria | 68 | 68 | 100.0 | 63 | 92.6 | 15 | 22.1 | 0 | 0.0 | 5 | 7.4 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 |
| Croatia | 90 | 82 | 91.1 | 53 | 58.9 | 29 | 32.2 | 2 | 2.2 | 30 | 33.3 | 1 | 1.1 | 0 | 0.0 |
| Cyprus | 3 | 1 | 33.3 | 1 | 33.3 | 1 | 33.3 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 |
| Czech Republici | 104 | 100 | 96.2 | 53 | 51.0 | 30 | 28.8 | 1 | 1.0 | 47 | 45.2 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 |
| Denmark | 73 | 73 | 100.0 | 20 | 27.4 | 10 | 13.7 | 0 | 0.0 | 53 | 72.6 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 |
| Estonia | 24 | 24 | 100.0 | 20 | 83.3 | 1 | 4.2 | 0 | 0.0 | 4 | 16.7 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 |
| Finland | 8 | 8 | 100.0 | 1 | 12.5 | 1 | 12.5 | 0 | 0.0 | 7 | 87.5 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 |
| Francei | 91 | 89 | 97.8 | 78 | 85.7 | 30 | 33.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 11 | 12.1 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 |
| Germany | 162 | 161 | 99.4 | 144 | 88.9 | 56 | 34.6 | 0 | 0.0 | 28 | 17.3 | 11 | 6.8 | 1 | 0.62 |
| Greece | 67 | 67 | 100.0 | 57 | 85.1 | 8 | 11.9 | 0 | 0.0 | 12 | 17.9 | 2 | 3.0 | 0 | 0.0 |
| Hungary | 175 | 175 | 100.0 | 140 | 80.0 | 43 | 24.6 | 3 | 1.7 | 38 | 21.7 | 3 | 1.7 | 0 | 0.0 |
| Irelandi | 110 | 109 | 99.1 | 56 | 50.9 | 26 | 23.6 | 0 | 0.0 | 55 | 50.0 | 2 | 1.8 | 0 | 0.0 |
| Italyj | 265 | 264 | 99.6 | 209 | 78.9 | 77 | 29.1 | 6 | 2.3 | 66 | 24.9 | 11 | 4.2 | 0 | 0.0 |
| Latviaj | 69 | 69 | 100.0 | 63 | 91.3 | 30 | 43.5 | 1 | 1.4 | 10 | 14.5 | 4 | 5.8 | 0 | 0.0 |
| Lithuania | 72 | 72 | 100.0 | 56 | 77.8 | 15 | 20.8 | 0 | 0.0 | 17 | 23.6 | 1 | 1.4 | 0 | 0.0 |
| Luxembourgi | 34 | 30 | 88.2 | 28 | 82.4 | 15 | 44.1 | 0 | 0.0 | 3 | 8.8 | 1 | 2.9 | 0 | 0.0 |
| Malta | 20 | 20 | 100.0 | 20 | 100.0 | 2 | 10.0 | 1 | 5.0 | 1 | 5.0 | 1 | 5.0 | 0 | 0.0 |
| Netherlandsj | 47 | 47 | 100.0 | 33 | 70.2 | 10 | 21.3 | 1 | 2.1 | 15 | 31.9 | 1 | 2.1 | 0 | 0.0 |
| Polandi | 154 | 148 | 96.1 | 97 | 63.0 | 35 | 22.7 | 7 | 4.5 | 53 | 34.4 | 2 | 1.3 | 0 | 0.0 |
| Portugal | 151 | 151 | 93.2 | 130 | 80.2 | 26 | 16.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 32 | 19.8 | 11 | 6.8 | 0 | 0.0 |
| Romania | 169 | 169 | 100.0 | 137 | 81.1 | 46 | 27.2 | 5 | 3.0 | 37 | 21.9 | 5 | 3.0 | 0 | 0.0 |
| Slovakia | 73 | 73 | 100.0 | 51 | 69.9 | 21 | 28.8 | 0 | 0.0 | 26 | 35.6 | 4 | 5.5 | 0 | 0.0 |
| Slovenia | 76 | 76 | 100.0 | 39 | 51.3 | 16 | 21.1 | 0 | 0.0 | 37 | 48.7 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 |
| Spain | 258 | 257 | 99.6 | 241 | 93.4 | 35 | 13.6 | 0 | 0.0 | 47 | 18.2 | 31 | 12.0 | 0 | 0.0 |
| Swedeni , j | 29 | 28 | 96.6 | 9 | 31.0 | 5 | 17.2 | 0 | 0.0 | 19 | 65.5 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 |
| United Kingdom | 75 | 75 | 100.0 | 56 | 74.7 | 17 | 22.7 | 0 | 0.0 | 23 | 30.7 | 4 | 5.3 | 0 | 0.0 |
| Total (28 MSs) | 2,819 | 2,783 | 98.3 | 2,180 | 77.0 | 700 | 24.7 | 29 | 1.0 | 703 | 24.8 | 100 | 3.5 | 1 | 0.04 |
| Iceland | 11 | 11 | 100.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 11 | 100.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 |
| Norway | 43 | 43 | 100.0 | 2 | 4.7 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 41 | 95.3 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 |
| Switzerlandi | 52 | 47 | 90.4 | 34 | 65.4 | 15 | 28.8 | 0 | 0.0 | 15 | 28.8 | 2 | 3.8 | 0 | 0.0 |
ESBL: extended‐spectrum β‐lactamase; n: isolates with this phenotype; %: percentage of isolates from the total tested; SYN: synergy; CTX: cefotaxime; CAZ: ceftazidime; CLA: clavulanate; MSs: Member States.
According to EUCAST Guidelines (EUCAST, 2013), only isolates showing an MIC > 1 mg/L for cefotaxime and/or ceftazidime (screening breakpoint) were considered (see Section 2 Materials and methods).
All isolates showing clavulanate synergy with cefotaxime, ceftazidime or with both compounds, suggesting the presence of an ESBL (independently of the presence of other mechanisms).
Isolates showing synergy with cefotaxime only, suggesting the presence of an ESBL with cefotaximase activity.
Isolates showing synergy with ceftazidime only, suggesting the presence of an ESBL with ceftazidimase activity.
Isolates with microbiological resistance to cefoxitin, suggesting the presence of an AmpC enzyme (independently of the presence of other mechanisms).
Isolates showing synergy with cefotaxime or ceftazidime and with microbiological resistance to cefoxitin, suggesting the presence of ESBL and AmpC enzymes in the same isolate. These isolates are also included in the ESBL and AmpC columns.
Isolates with microbiological meropenem resistance.
Percentage of the total number of E. coli isolates tested (with panel 2).
It includes isolates microbiologically resistant to cefotaxime and/or ceftazidime but with MIC ≤ 1 mg/L for both antimicrobials, suggesting the presence of other mechanisms (as stated above, they were not further classified).
Molecular data were provided by
Italy, ESBLs: 191 CTX‐M (1 CTX‐M‐14), 16 SHV‐12, 3 TEM‐52; AmpC: 3 CMY‐2. ESBL + AmpC: 1 SHV‐12 + CMY‐2, 1 CTX‐M + CMY‐2
Netherlands: ESBL: 27 CTX‐M (23 CTX‐M‐1, 3 CTX‐M‐14, 1 CTX‐M‐3), 1 SHV‐2, 5 TEM‐52; AmpC: 6 AmpC pheno/genotype (no genes reported).
Sweden, ESBLs: 9 CTX‐M (6 CTX‐M‐14, 2 CTX‐M15, 1 CTX‐M‐55)
Latvia reported 62 isolates ESBL pheno/genotype, 2 isolates with ESBL+ AmpC pheno/genotype (no genes reported).