| Bibliography | RoB Tier | Study design | Study name | Endpoints assessed | Additional comments |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cohen et al. ( 1995a ) | 2 | RCT | n/a |
Attained body length Attained body weight Length gain Weight gain |
No PE No PE No PE No PE |
| Dewey et al. ( 1999 ) | 2 | RCT | n/a |
L(H)AZ WAZ |
|
| Jonsdottir et al. ( 2014 ) | 1 | RCT | n/a |
Attained HC Attained body length Attained body weight HCZ L(H)AZ WAZ |
No PE No PE No PE |
| Mehta et al. ( 1998 ) | 2 | RCT | n/a |
Attained HC Attained body length Attained body weight |
|
| Perkin et al. ( 2016 ) | 1 | RCT | Enquiring About Tolerance (EAT) |
Attained HC HCZ Attained body length Attained body weight L(H)AZ WAZ WL(H)Z |
|
| Azad et al. ( 2018 ) | 2 | PC | Canadian Healthy Infant Longitudinal Development (CHILD) |
WAZ gain Rapid/high weight gain |
|
| Atkins et al. ( 2016 ) | 3 | PC | Melbourne Infant Feeding, Activity and Nutrition Trial (InFANT) |
Attained body length Attained body weight |
|
| Baker et al. ( 2004 ) | 3 | PC | Danish National Birth Cohort (DNBC) | Weight gain | No PE |
| Butte et al. ( 2000 ) | 2 | PC | n/a |
WAZ WL(H)Z L(H)AZ |
|
| de Beer et al. ( 2015 ) | 2 | PC | Amsterdam Born Children and their Development (ABCD) |
CLG CWG L(H)AZ |
|
| Eriksen et al. ( 2017 ) | 1 | PC | Early Nutrition and Immune Development (ENID) |
WAZ WL(H)Z |
|
| Forsyth et al. ( 1993 ) | 1 | PC | Dundee Infant Feeding Study | Attained body weight | |
| Gaffney et al. ( 2012 ) | 3 | PC | Infant feeding practices study (IFPS) II and year 6 follow‐up (Y6FU) | WAZ | |
| Griffiths et al. ( 2009 ) | 2 | PC | Millennium Cohort Study (MCS) | CWG | |
| Griffiths et al. ( 2010 ) | 3 | PC | MCS | Rapid/high weight gain | No PE |
| Grote et al. ( 2011 ) | 1 | PC | n/a |
Attained body length Attained body weight L(H)AZ L(H)AZ‐trajectories WAZ WAZ‐trajectories WL(H)Z WL(H)Z‐trajectories |
No PE No PE No PE |
| Haschke and van't Hof ( 2000 ) | 2 | PC | Euro‐Growth Study |
L(H)AZ Length gain WAZ Weight gain |
CV CV |
| Heinig et al. ( 1993 ) | 3 | PC | Davis Area Research on Lactation, Infant Nutrition and Growth (DARLING) |
L(H)AZ Length gain WAZ Weight gain |
|
| Hodgson ( 1978 ) | 3 | PC | n/a | Attained body weight | |
| Huh et al. ( 2011 ) | 3 | PC | ProjectViva |
Attained body length Attained body weight L(H)AZ WAZ |
|
| Imai et al. ( 2014 ) | 2 | PC | n/a |
Attained body length Attained body weight Weight gain |
|
| Kalanda et al. ( 2006 ) | 3 | PC | n/a | ||
| Kalies et al. ( 2005 ) | 3 | PC | Einfluss von Lebensbedingungen und Verhaltensweisen auf die Entwicklung von Immunsystem und Allergien (LISA) | Rapid/high weight gain | |
| Kramer et al. ( 1985b ); Kramer et al. ( 1985a ) | 2 | PC | n/a | Attained body weight | CV, no PE |
| Layte et al. ( 2014 ) | 2 | PC | n/a | Rapid/high weight gain | |
| Mäkelä et al. ( 2014 ) | 2 | PC | Steps to Healthy Development (STEPS) | Weight gain | |
| Morgan et al. ( 2004 ) | 3 | PA | n/a |
Attained body length Attained body weight HC gain Weight gain Length gain |
No PE No PE |
| Moschonis et al. ( 2017 ) | 3 | PC | Greek EuroPrevall | L(H)AZ | |
| 3 | PC | Generation XXI | L(H)AZ | ||
| 2 | PC | Etude des déterminants pré et postnatals précoces du développement et de la santé (EDEN) | L(H)AZ | ||
| 2 | PC | Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) | L(H)AZ | ||
| Noppornlertwong and Tantibhaedhyangkul ( 2016 ) | 2 | PC | n/a |
Attained body weight Weight gain Attained body length Length gain Attained HC HC gain |
|
| Simondon and Simondon ( 1997 ) | 2 | PC | n/a |
Length gain Weight gain |
|
| Vail et al. ( 2015 ) | 3 | PC | Cambridge Baby Growth Study (CBGS) |
L(H)AZ WAZ |
CV CV |
| van Rossem et al. ( 2013 ) | 2 | PC | Generation R | WL(H)Z | |
| Warrington and Storey ( 1988 ) | 3 | PC | n/a | Attained body weight | No PE |
| WHO Working Group on Infant Growth ( 1994 ) | 3 | PA | WHO Growth Reference Study |
L(H)AZ WAZ WL(H)Z |
No PE No PE No PE |
| Wilson et al. ( 1998 ) | 2 | PC | Dundee Infant Feeding Study | WAZ | |
| Wright et al. ( 2004 ) | 3 | PC | Millennium Baby Study | CWG | No PE |
| Kim and Peterson ( 2008 ) | 3 | RETRO: CSA of baseline data of a PC | Early Childhood Longitudinal Study‐Birth Cohort (ECLS‐B) | Weight gain | |
| Klag et al. ( 2015 ) | 3 | RETRO: RC | Moms2Moms |
WAZ Weight gain WAZ gain |
CV |
| Mihrshahi et al. ( 2011 ) | 3 | RETRO: CSA of baseline data of an RCT | Nourishing Our Understanding of Role Modelling to Improve Support and Health (NOURISH) | Rapid/high weight gain | |
| Sit et al. ( 2001 ) | 3 | RETRO: CS | n/a | Proportion of children who had started CFs < 4 m in WAZ and WLZ tertiles | |
| Sloan et al. ( 2008 ) | 3 | RETRO: CSA of baseline data of a PC | n/a |
WAZ CWG |
|
| Zhu et al. ( 2015 ) | 3 | RETRO: CS | National Children's Study Formative Research in Anthropometry |
WAZ WL(H)Z L(H)AZ |
CV |
CLG: conditional length gain; CS: cross‐sectional study; CSA: cross‐sectional analysis; CWG: conditional weight gain; CV: timing of introduction of CF used as a continuous variable in the analysis, HC: head circumference; HCZ: head circumference‐for‐age z‐score; L(H)AZ: length (height)‐for‐age z‐score; m: months; n/a: not available; PA: pooled analysis; PC: prospective cohort study; PE: point estimate; RC: retrospective cohort study; RCT: randomised controlled trial; RETRO: retrospective study; RoB: risk of bias; WAZ: weight‐for‐age z‐score; WHO: World Health Organization; WL(H)Z: weight‐for‐length (height) z‐score.