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. 2019 Sep 4;17(9):e05778. doi: 10.2903/j.efsa.2019.5778
References Risk of bias domainsa Tierb
Randomisation Allocation concealment Blinding Attrition Exposure Outcome Reporting Other threats to internal validity
Miller et al. (1988) + NR + ++ + + + 1
He et al. (2015) ++ ++ + ++ ++ ++ + 2
a

Expert judgement was translated into a rating scale for each question to be answered as follows: (++): definitely low RoB; (+): probably low RoB; (NR): not reported; (−): probably high RoB; (−−): definitively high RoB.

b

The individual rating for each question was combined by an algorithm and translated to an overall tier of reliability for each individual study (RoB tier 1: low RoB; RoB tier 2: moderate RoB; RoB tier 3: high RoB).