References | Risk of bias domainsa | Tierb | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Randomisation | Allocation concealment | Blinding | Attrition | Exposure | Outcome | Reporting | Other threats to internal validity | ||
Miller et al. (1988) | + | NR | − | + | ++ | + | + | + | 1 |
He et al. (2015) | ++ | ++ | + | ++ | ++ | − | ++ | + | 2 |
Expert judgement was translated into a rating scale for each question to be answered as follows: (++): definitely low RoB; (+): probably low RoB; (NR): not reported; (−): probably high RoB; (−−): definitively high RoB.
The individual rating for each question was combined by an algorithm and translated to an overall tier of reliability for each individual study (RoB tier 1: low RoB; RoB tier 2: moderate RoB; RoB tier 3: high RoB).