Table 2.
Resuscitation characteristics of the study population
| Characteristic | IV Route (n = 2358) |
IO Route (n = 661) |
|---|---|---|
| Call to IV or IO access mean minutes ± sd [n=2294, 652] | 14.2 ± 5.6 | 13.9 ± 5.8 |
| Placebo [n= 805, 228] | 14.4 ± 5.8 | 13.7 ± 4.7 |
| Lidocaine [n=752, 219] | 14 ± 5.4 | 13.6 ± 5.4 |
| Amiodarone [n=737, 205] | 14.1 ± 5.6 | 14.6 ± 7.1 |
| Call to Study Drug*, mean minutes ± sd [n=2213, 617] | 19.3 ± 7.4 | 19.4 ± 7.3 |
| Placebo [n=772, 213] | 19.3 ± 7.5 | 19 ± 6.7 |
| Lidocaine [n=731, 209] | 19.3 ± 7.6 | 19.3 ± 7.6 |
| Amiodarone [n=710, 195] | 19.2 ± 7 | 19.8 ± 7.6 |
| Arrest to Study Drug†, mean minutes± sd [n=114, 33] | 12 ± 6.4 | 11.7 ± 5.7 |
| Placebo [n=42, 10] | 12.7 ± 6.8 | 9.5 ± 4.8 |
| Lidocaine [n=31, 10] | 12.1 ± 7 | 12.3 ± 5.5 |
| Amiodarone [n=41, 13] | 11.2 ± 5.6 | 13.1 ± 6.5 |
| Chest compression rate, mean cpm ± sd [n=2173, 619] | 110 ± 10.9 | 110 ± 11.3 |
| Placebo [n=760, 210] | 110 ± 10.9 | 110 ± 11.9 |
| Lidocaine [n=712, 212] | 110 ± 10.8 | 110 ± 10.6 |
| Amiodarone [n=701, 197] | 109 ± 10.9 | 109 ± 11.3 |
| Chest compression depth, mean mm ± sd [n=1118, 326]‡ | 51.7 ± 10.3 | 49.7 ± 9.0 |
| Placebo [n=392, 108] | 52.3 ± 10.3 | 50.4 ± 7.6 |
| Lidocaine [n=382, 119] | 51.8 ± 11.4 | 48.7 ± 9.4 |
| Amiodarone [n=344, 99] | 51 ± 9 | 50.2 ± 9.9 |
| Chest compression fraction, mean % ± sd [n=2201, 623]‡ | 0.83 ± 0.10 | 0.85 ± 0.09 |
| Placebo [n=774, 211] | 0.83 ± 0.10 | 0.84 ± 0.09 |
| Lidocaine [n=718, 212] | 0.83 ± 0.09 | 0.85 ± 0.09 |
| Amiodarone [n=709, 200] | 0.83 ± 0.10 | 0.84 ± 0.10 |
| Pre-shock pause, mean secs ± sd [n=2112, 594] | 10.3 ± 9.6 | 9.8 ± 9.3 |
| Placebo [n=737, 202] | 10.5 ± 9.2 | 9 ± 8.1 |
| Lidocaine [n=691, 200] | 10.3 ± 9 | 9.7 ± 9.8 |
| Amiodarone [n=684, 192] | 10.1 ± 10.7 | 10.7 ± 10.8 |
| Post-shock pause, mean secs ± sd [n=2099, 592] | 6.2 ± 32.4 | 6.7 ± 37.0 |
| Placebo [n=733, 200] | 7.6 ± 52.7 | 5.9 ± 9 |
| Lidocaine [n=688, 200] | 5.5 ± 13.6 | 4.7 ± 5.5 |
| Amiodarone [n=678, 192] | 5.3 ± 8.2 | 9.7 ± 64.2 |
| Prehospital advanced airway success, n (%) [total n=2358, 661] | 2007 (85.1%) | 555 (84.0%) |
| Placebo [n=825, 229] | 699 (84.7%) | 189 (82.50%) |
| Lidocaine [n=771, 220] | 668 (86.6%) | 186 (84.5%) |
| Amiodarone [n=762, 212] | 649 (84%) | 180 (84.9%) |
| Receipt of epinephrine, n (%) [total n = 2358, 661] | 2329 (98.7%) | 653 (98.7) |
| Placebo [n=825, 229] | 817 (99%) | 224 (97.8%) |
| Lidocaine [n=771, 220] | 761 (98.7%) | 218 (99.1%) |
| Amiodarone [n=762, 212] | 751 (98.6%) | 211 (99.5%) |
| Receipt of magnesium, n (%) [total n = 2358, 661] | 201 (8.5%) | 64 (9.6%) |
| Placebo [n=825, 229] | 88 (10.7%) | 31 (13.5%) |
| Lidocaine [n=771, 220] | 56 (7.3%) | 12 (5.5%) |
| Amiodarone [n=762, 212] | 57 (7.5%) | 21 (9.9%) |
Abbreviations: cpm – compressions per minute, IO – intraosseous vascular access, IV – intravenous vascular access, sd -standard deviation
The [n =] in the gray rows of the table refers to the number of patients in the IV and IO groups, respectively, in whom data were available for the indicated measure
*
Patients with cardiac arrest before arrival of Emergency Medical Services
†
Patients with cardiac arrest after arrival of Emergency Medical Services
‡
p<0.001 for differences in chest compression depth and CPR compression fraction (respectively) between IV and IO treatment groups