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. 2018 May 16;16(5):e05243. doi: 10.2903/j.efsa.2018.5243

Table 3.

Summary of oral LD₅₀ values reported in scientific literature for the opium alkaloids addressed in this Scientific Opinion

Substance	Species	LD₅₀ (mg/kg bw)^a
Morphine	Rat	335
Morphine	Mouse	524
Codeine	Rat	427
Codeine	Mouse	250^b
Codeine phosphate	Rat	266
Thebaine	Rat	114
Thebaine	Mouse	54
Oripavine		No data
Noscapine	Rat	1,520^b
Noscapine	Mouse	853^b–3,500
Papaverine	Mouse	162^b

bw: body weight; LD₅₀: lethal dose for 50% of the subjects.

^a

LD₅₀ values available from EFSA CONTAM Panel (2011) unless specified differently.

^b

LD₅₀ values available from https://chem.nlm.nih.gov/chemidplus/