Table 9.

Summary statistics of the concentration (mg/kg; whole weight) of opium alkaloids in poppy seed samples collected until 2011 (1st batch)^a and collected after 2011 (2nd batch)

Substance	Batch	N	LC (%)	Concentration (mg/kg)
				Median		Mean		P95b		Maximum
				LB	UB	LB	UB	LB	UB	LB	UB
Morphine	1st	775	11	10.0	10.0	38.2	38.6	202	202	630	630
	2nd	1,164	2	13.6	13.6	57.8	57.8	253	253	596	596
Codeine	1st	557	32	1.40	1.40	4.95	5.23	14.9	14.9	827	827
	2nd	962	25	1.40	1.40	5.93	6.15	28.0	28.0	298	298
Thebaine	1st	356	19	2.00	2.00	15.7	15.8	101	101	783	783
	2nd	869	31	1.20	1.20	12.4	12.6	64.0	64.0	455	455
Oripavine	1st	43	42	4.00	4.00	20.8	21.3	n.a.	n.a.	233	233
	2nd	41	63	0	0.100	1.78	1.85	n.a.	n.a.	27.5	27.5
Noscapine	1st	330	69	0	1.00	1.02	1.70	4.20	4.20	39.2	39.2
	2nd	782	60	0	1.00	1.84	2.34	6.30	6.30	86.9	86.9
Papaverine	1st	102	81	0	0.750	0.090	0.590	0.400	1.00	1.79	1.79
	2nd	304	71	0	0.100	0.150	0.250	1.15	1.15	3.20	3.20
Narceine	2nd	41	54	0	0.100	0.230	0.290	n.a.	n.a.	1.61	1.61
Acetylcodeine	2nd	43	100	0	0.100	0	0.100	n.a.	n.a.	0	0.100

N: number of samples; LB: lower bound; LC: left‐censored; n.r.: not applicable; P95: 95th percentile; UB: upper bound.

^aDiscrepancies in the descriptive statistics of the 1st batch of data compared to the 2011 opinion are due to the way of handling left‐censored data. In the present report, analytical results showing a concentration below the reported limit of quantification (LOQ) were considered as LC irrespectively of whether or not it was specified by the data provider as below the LOQ.

^bThe 95th percentile with less than 60 observations may not be statistically robust (EFSA, 2011b) and is therefore not calculated.