Table 10.

Descriptive statistics of opium alkaloids MB concentrations (mg/kg whole weight) in poppy seed samples

Substance	Group	N	Mean	Min	P25	P50	P75	P95a	Max
Morphine	‘High‐morphine’	362	147	0.05	48.3	129	212	383	596
	‘Low‐morphine’	1,210	16.4	0.02	4.50	8.37	15.6	52.8	458
	Unknown	367	64.8	0.05	5.90	16.7	71.0	309	630
	Total	1,939	50.1	0.02	5.20	11.9	41.4	240	630
Codeine	‘High‐morphine’	144	22.7	0.02	0.50	4.77	25.3	52.0	827
	‘Low‐morphine’	1,097	2.88	0.03	0.50	1.20	2.50	9.30	202
	Unknown	278	7.95	0.02	0.60	1.90	3.90	26.8	262
	Total	1,519	5.82	0.02	1.00	1.40	3.14	21.0	827
Morphine equivalents	‘High‐morphine’	362	152	0.05	49.7	133	218	390	614
	‘Low‐morphine’	1,210	16.9	0.02	4.70	8.60	16.2	55.3	479
	Unknown	367	67.2	0.05	6.18	17.4	73.1	318	649
	Total	1,939	51.7	0.02	5.2	12.3	43.0	247	649
Thebaine	‘High‐morphine’	123	92.5	0.03	11.0	52.0	121	334	783
	‘Low‐morphine’	940	3.92	0.01	0.50	1.20	3.00	12.3	373
	Unknown	162	8.56	0.01	0.29	0.86	4.20	54.9	128
	Total	1,225	13.5	0.01	1.00	1.40	4.10	68.4	783
Oripavine	‘High‐morphine’	46	20.0	0.05	0.50	3.50	23.0	n.a.	233
	‘Low‐morphine’	15	2.14	0.05	0.05	0.05	0.18	n.a.	27.5
	Unknown	23	1.19	0.05	0.05	0.05	2.52	n.a.	7.00
	Total	84	11.8	0.10	0.10	1.00	5.00	55.0	233
Noscapine	‘High‐morphine’	26	0.13	0.03	0.03	0.05	0.05	n.a.	1.80
	‘Low‐morphine’	943	2.08	0.02	0.50	0.50	1.00	6.30	86.9
	Unknown	143	0.78	0.02	0.05	0.50	0.50	2.68	27.0
	Total	1,112	2.15	0.02	1.00	1.00	1.00	5.10	86.9
Papaverine	‘High‐morphine’	26	0.09	0.03	0.03	0.05	0.05	n.a.	1.30
	‘Low‐morphine’	273	0.27	0.01	0.03	0.09	0.50	1.15	2.60
	Unknown	107	0.19	0.01	0.03	0.05	0.07	0.92	3.20
	Total	406	0.34	0.01	0.05	0.10	0.50	1.00	3.20

N: number of samples; n.a.: not applicable; Max: maximum; Min: minimum; P: percentile.

^aThe 95th percentile with less than 60 observations may not be statistically robust (EFSA, 2011b) and is therefore not calculated.