Table 11.

Opium alkaloids ratios in poppy seed samples compared to morphine

Substance	Origin	N	Ratio to morphinea
			Min	P25	Median	P75	P95b	Max
Codeine	‘High‐morphine’	142	< 0.01	0.04	0.14	0.29	1.08	713
	‘Low‐morphine’	1,086	0.01	0.10	0.14	0.20	0.51	0.97
	Unknown	257	0.01	0.09	0.15	0.27	0.67	2.33
	Total	1,485	< 0.01	0.10	0.14	0.21	0.75	713
Thebaine	‘High‐morphine’	123	0.01	0.11	0.29	14.0	135	227
	‘Low‐morphine’	936	< 0.01	0.08	0.14	0.22	0.48	1.86
	Unknown	143	< 0.01	0.07	0.12	0.19	0.52	1.10
	Total	1,202	< 0.01	0.08	0.14	0.24	0.84	227
Oripavine	‘High‐morphine’	46	< 0.01	0.01	0.87	4.34	n.a.	43.4
	‘Low‐morphine’	15	< 0.01	0.01	0.01	0.02	n.a.	0.47
	Unknown	23	< 0.01	0.01	0.02	0.05	n.a.	0.21
	Total	84	< 0.01	0.01	0.04	0.87	19.9	43.4
Noscapine	‘High‐morphine’	26	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01	n.a.	0.75
	‘Low‐morphine’	939	< 0.01	0.04	0.07	0.14	0.62	6.75
	Unknown	127	< 0.01	0.01	0.05	0.09	0.23	0.48
	Total	1,092	< 0.01	0.03	0.07	0.13	0.57	6.75
Papaverine	‘High‐morphine’	26	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01	n.a.	0.76
	‘Low‐morphine’	272	< 0.01	0.01	0.02	0.11	0.76	0.76
	Unknown	87	< 0.01	< 0.01	0.01	0.05	n.a.	0.76
	Total	385	< 0.01	0.01	0.02	0.09	0.76	0.76

N: number of samples; n.a.: not applicable; Max: maximum; Min: minimum; P: percentile.

^aCalculated by dividing the opium alkaloid upper bound concentration by the morphine upper bound concentration. Concentrations were expressed as mmol/kg.

^bThe 95th percentile with less than 60 observations may not be statistically robust (EFSA, 2011b) and is therefore not calculated.