. 2018 May 16;16(5):e05243. doi: 10.2903/j.efsa.2018.5243

Table 16.

Summary statistics of acute dietary exposure to thebaine (μg/kg bw per day) estimated at the middle bound across dietary surveys for consumers only

Group^a	Population class	Mean exposure^b				P95 exposure^c
Group^a	Population class	N	Min	Median	Max	N	Min	Median	Max
‘High‐morphine’	Infants	2	9.34	n.a.	23.8	0	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.
	Toddlers	2	16.1	n.a.	34.7	1	288	n.a.	288
	Other children	9	2.39	25.7	62.5	2	18.0	n.a.	248
	Adolescents	8	1.45	17.1	35.2	0	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.
	Adults	11	3.08	17.7	33.8	4	71.9	225	285
	Elderly	8	1.30	15.7	25.9	0	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.
	Very elderly	4	5.64	18.0	25.5	0	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.
‘Low‐morphine’	Infants	2	0.40	n.a.	1.01	0	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.
	Toddlers	2	0.68	n.a.	1.47	1	10.6	n.a.	10.6
	Other children	9	0.10	1.09	2.65	2	0.66	n.a.	9.09
	Adolescents	8	0.06	0.72	1.49	0	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.
	Adults	11	0.13	0.75	1.43	4	2.63	8.24	10.5
	Elderly	8	0.06	0.67	1.10	0	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.
	Very elderly	4	0.24	0.76	1.08	0	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.

bw: body weight; max: maximum; min: minimum; N: number of surveys; n.a. not applicable; P95: 95th percentile.

Group of poppy seed samples. The ‘high‐morphine’ group refers to poppy seed samples originating from Australia, China, France, Spain and the UK which are assumed to represent primarily varieties grown for pharmaceutical use. The ‘low‐morphine’ group refers to poppy seed samples originating from other countries which are assumed to represent varieties grown for food use. See Section 3.2.1.4 for further details.

Mean exposure calculated from the mean consumption of poppy seeds and the mean occurrence of thebaine in poppy seed samples.

P95 exposure calculated from the P95 consumption of poppy seeds and the P95 occurrence of thebaine in poppy seed samples. The P95 exposure estimates for surveys with less than 60 observations may not be statistically robust and are therefore not calculated.