Table 8.
Selected control measures for pest entry and establishment (a full list is available in EFSA PLH Panel, 2018)
| Information sheet (with hyperlink to information sheet if available) | Control measure summary | Risk component (entry/establishment/spread/impact) |
|---|---|---|
| http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1175887 | As a pest that is a poor flyer and which does not disperse widely, growing plants in isolation is a measure to consider. Non‐orchard hosts could be grown within physical protection, e.g. a dedicated structure such as glass or plastic greenhouse. Pathway: plants for planting | Entry |
| Chemical treatments on crops including reproductive material (Work in progress, not yet available) | Chemical control targeting adults around the time of oviposition is a primary means of pest control (Prokopy, 1985). Pathway: fruit | Entry |
| http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1175929 |
The physical and chemical cleaning and disinfection of facilities, tools, machinery, transport means, facilities and other accessories Larvae from fruit infested close to ripening may exit the fruit to pupate. If this occurred during transport or storage cleaning the packaging (boxes) may help. (Pathway: fruit) |
Entry |
| http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1180171 | C. nenuphar did not survive in artificially infested apple fruit held in a controlled atmosphere of between 0°C and 3°C with 3% O2 and 2–8% CO2 for 33 days (Glass et al., 1961). (Pathway: fruit) | Entry |
| http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1181442 |
Treatment of the waste (deep burial, composting, incineration, chipping, production of bio‐energy…) in authorised facilities and official restriction on the movement of waste Consignments intercepted with C. nenuphar should be disposed of appropriately. (Pathway: plants for planting and fruit) |
Establishment |
| http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1181436 | Good orchard sanitation is an effective way to reduce adult populations. Good pruning to allow light and the wind to penetrate the canopy will reduce humidity and provide less favourable conditions for adults. Fallen fruit should be collected and destroyed (Racette et al., 1992). (Pathway: fruit) | Entry |
| https://zenodo.org/record/1181717#.W8zPxGcUnIV |
Crop rotation, associations and density, weed/volunteer control are used to prevent problems related to pests and are usually applied in various combinations to make the habitat less favourable for pests Although orchard hosts are not rotated, weeds at the edges of orchards should be well managed to remove suitable overwintering sites. Adults overwintering in the turf of orchards suffer high mortality (Lafleur et al., 1987; Racette et al., 1992). (Pathway: fruit) |
Entry |