Risk to human and animal health related to the presence of 4,15‐diacetoxyscirpenol in food and feed

. 2018 Aug 16;16(8):e05367. doi: 10.2903/j.efsa.2018.5367

Country	Food type	Sampling year	Sampling strategy	No of samples	LOD μg/kg	LOQ μg/kg	% pos.	Mean^(a) μg/kg	Min. μg/kg	Max. μg/kg	Reference	Considered in the exposure assessment
Belgium + Germany	Sorghum	2014	Random	8 + 2	1.2	2.5	70	44	< LOD	91	Ediage et al. (2015)	Yes
Denmark	Milk	2004	Random	42	0.03	0.05	0	< LOQ	< LOQ	< LOQ	Sørensen and Elbæk (2005)	No
Denmark	Oats	2006	Random	11	30	n.r.	0	< LOD	< LOD	< LOD	Rasmussen et al. (2012)	No
	Triticale	2007		5	n.r.		0	< LOD	< LOD	< LOD
	Wheat	2007		6	n.r.		0	< LOD	< LOD	< LOD
Finland	Wheat	2001–2002	Random	70	n.r.	25–50	0	< LOD	< LOD	< LOD	SCOOP (2003)	No
	Barley			40			0	< LOD	< LOD	< LOD
	Barley malt			50			0	< LOD	< LOD	< LOD
	Oats			55			0	< LOD	< LOD	< LOD
	Rye			25			0	< LOD	< LOD	< LOD
France	Wheat	2001	Random	52	n.r.	20	100	n.r.	n.r.	n.r.	SCOOP (2003)	No
	Maize		Random	29	n.r.	20	100	n.r.	n.r.	n.r.
	Barley		Random	9	n.r.	20	100	n.r.	n.r.	n.r.
	Soft wheat		Random	31	n.r.	20	100	n.r.	n.r.	n.r.
	Maize	2001	Targeted	25	30	n.r.	0	< LOD	< LOD	< LOD
	Soft wheat	2000–2002	Targeted	225	30	60	0	< LOD	< LOD	< LOD
	Durum wheat	2000–2002	Targeted	81	30	60	0	< LOD	< LOD	< LOD
	Malting barley	2001–2002	Random	194	30	n.r.	0	< LOD	< LOD	< LOD
	Maize	2000–2001	Random	57	30	n.r.	0	< LOD	< LOD	< LOD
	Soft wheat	2000–2001	Random	306	30	n.r.	3	< LOD	< LOD	< LOD
Germany	Barley	2009	Random	59	0.09	0.29	22	0.052	< LOD	0.52	Barthel et al. (2012)	Yes
Germany	Semolina	2000	Random	14	14	28	0	< LOD	< LOD	< LOD	Schollenberger et al. (2005)	No
Germany	Maize flour	2000	Random	15	14	28	0	< LOD	< LOD	< LOD	Schollenberger et al. (2005)	No
Germany	Oat flakes	2005	Random	43	n.r.	n.r.	86	0.08	< LOD	0.38	Gottschalk et al. (2007)	No
Germany	Wheat flour	2005/2006	Random	39	0.09	0.29	3	0.01	< LOD	0.25	Gottschalk et al. (2009)	No
	Whole wheat flour			11			0	< LOD	< LOD	< LOD
	Wheat kernels			52			2	< LOD	< LOD	0.25
	Semolina			13			0	< LOD	< LOD	< LOD
	Wheat bran			10			20	0.05	< LOD	0.25
	Wheat contain. infant food			5			0	< LOD	< LOD	< LOD
	Rye flour			15			0	< LOD	< LOD	< LOD
	Whole rye flour			9			0	< LOD	< LOD	< LOD
	Rye kernels			37			0	< LOD	< LOD	< LOD
	Oat flakes			31			71	0.08	< LOD	0.38
	Fine oat flakes			23			65	0.04	< LOD	0.17
	Oat kernels			19			47	0.04	< LOD	0.25
	Oat bran			12			75	0.04	< LOD	0.12
	Oat contain. infant food			13			31	0.03	< LOD	0.25
Germany	Wheat‐based foods	2000–2001	Random	15	14	28	0	< LOD	< LOD	< LOD	Schollenberger et al. (2005)	No
	Oat‐based foods			21			0	< LOD	< LOD	< LOD
	Maize‐based foods			20			0	< LOD	< LOD	< LOD
	Pseudocereals			15			0	< LOD	< LOD	< LOD
	Gluten‐free food			23			0	< LOD	< LOD	< LOD
	Potato products			21			5	n.r.	< LOD	21
	Red pepper			10			0	< LOD	< LOD	< LOD
	Canned tomatoes			5			0	< LOD	< LOD	< LOD
	Legumes			23			0	< LOD	< LOD	< LOD
	Onion powder			5			0	< LOD	< LOD	< LOD
	Garlic powder			5			0	< LOD	< LOD	< LOD
	Canned asparagus			5			0	< LOD	< LOD	< LOD
	Banana chips			6			0	< LOD	< LOD	< LOD
	Tapioca			5			0	< LOD	< LOD	< LOD
	Peanuts			5			0	< LOD	< LOD	< LOD
	Sunflower seeds			5			0	< LOD	< LOD	< LOD
	Pumpkin kernel			5			0	< LOD	< LOD	< LOD
	Sesame seeds			5			0	< LOD	< LOD	< LOD
	Hazelnut kernel			5			0	< LOD	< LOD	< LOD
	Almond kernel			5			0	< LOD	< LOD	< LOD
	Desiccated coconut			5			0	< LOD	< LOD	< LOD
Germany	Soybeans	n.r.	Random	6	14	28	0	< LOD	< LOD	< LOD	Schollenberger et al. (2007)	No
	Soybeans roasted			5			20	n.r.	< LOD	21
	Soy flour and flakes, not defatted			10			0	< LOD	< LOD	< LOD
	Soy flakes partially defatted and products (crisp)			5			0	< LOD	< LOD	< LOD
	Texturised soy protein			5			0	< LOD	< LOD	< LOD
	Tofu			5			0	< LOD	< LOD	< LOD
	Soy sauce			4			0	< LOD	< LOD	< LOD
	Soy protein isolates			5			0	< LOD	< LOD	< LOD
Germany	Soybean oil	2004	Random	14	3	6	0	< LOD	< LOD	< LOD	Schollenberger et al. (2008)	No
	Sunflower seed oil			16			0	< LOD	< LOD	< LOD		No
	Corn germ oil			17			6	< LOD	< LOD	< LOD		Yes
	Olive oil			10			0	< LOD	< LOD	< LOD		No
	Rapeseed oil			11			0	< LOD	< LOD	< LOD
	Safflower oil			10			0	< LOD	< LOD	< LOD
	Wheat germ oil			3			0	< LOD	< LOD	< LOD
	Pumpkin oil			4			0	< LOD	< LOD	< LOD
	Peanut oil			5			0	< LOD	< LOD	< LOD
	Walnut oil			5			0	< LOD	< LOD	< LOD
	Grape kernel oil			5			0	< LOD	< LOD	< LOD
	Sesame seed oil			5			0	< LOD	< LOD	< LOD
	Linseed oil			4			0	< LOD	< LOD	< LOD
	Palm oil			1			0	< LOD	< LOD	< LOD
Italy	Durum wheat grain	2009–2010	Random	46	2	5	0	< LOD	< LOD	< LOD	Alkadri et al. (2014)	No
Italy	Wheat	2003–2004	Random	14	0.2	0.7	21	100	< LOD	130	Dall'Asta et al. (2004)	Yes
Poland	Maize	2010	Semi‐targeted	19	0.65	1.3	26	4.9	< LOD	5.9	Aniolowska et al. (2014)	Yes
Poland	Wheat	2014	Random	99	n.r.	1	0	< LOD	< LOD	< LOD	Bryła et al. (2014)	No
	Barley			24			0	< LOD	< LOD	< LOD
	Oats			4			0	< LOD	< LOD	< LOD
	Triticale			20			0	< LOD	< LOD	< LOD
Poland	Oats	2009–2011	Semi‐targeted ‐ conventional and organic	58	n.r.	n.r.	43	4.1	< LOD	20.8	Twaruzek et al. (2013)	Yes
Poland	Oat bran	2009–2011	Semi‐targeted ‐ conventional and organic	11	1	3	0	n.r.	< LOD	< LOQ	Twaruzek et al. (2013)	No
	Oat flakes			21			5			4.8		Yes
	Oat flour			4			0			< LOQ		No
	Oat groats			1			0			< LOQ
	Oat pasta			3			0			< LOQ
Spain	Roasted coffee beans	2013–2014	Random	103	3	5	12	6.5	< LOD	8.6	García‐Moraleja et al. (2015a)	Yes
Spain	Brewed coffee	2013–2014	Random	169	1.38	5.99	7	196	< LOD	402	García‐Moraleja et al. (2015b)	No
Spain	Oats	n.r.	Random	7	4	10	0	< LOD	< LOD	< LOD	Juan et al. (2013)	No
	Spelt			3			0	< LOD	< LOD	< LOD
	Wheat			57			0	< LOD	< LOD	< LOD
	Barley			9			0	< LOD	< LOD	< LOD
	Rye			11			0	< LOD	< LOD	< LOD
Spain	Wheat semolina	2012	Random	49	2.5	5	0	< LOD	< LOD	< LOD	Rodríguez‐Carrasco et al. (2013a, b)	No
	Wheat couscous			14			0	< LOD	< LOD	< LOD
	Wheat‐based small pastas			56			0	< LOD	< LOD	< LOD
	Rice crackers			7	5	10	0	< LOD	< LOD	< LOD
	Rice starch			6			0	< LOD	< LOD	< LOD
	Rice dietetic snacks			10			0	< LOD	< LOD	< LOD
	Maize crackers			4	1.25	2.5	0	< LOD	< LOD	< LOD
	Maize starch			3			0	< LOD	< LOD	< LOD
	Maize dietetic snacks			10			0	< LOD	< LOD	< LOD
Spain	Breadsticks	2012	Random	61	0.6‐5	1.25‐10	0	< LOD	< LOD	< LOD	Rodríguez‐Carrasco et al. (2014)	No
UK	Rice	2000	Random	100	n.r.	10	0	< LOD	< LOD	< LOD	SCOOP (2003)	No
	Cereal fractions	2000		27			0	< LOD	< LOD	< LOD
	Maize products	2000–2001		70			0	< LOD	< LOD	< LOD
	Wheat products	2000–2001		95			0	< LOD	< LOD	< LOD
	Wheat flour	2000		29			0	< LOD	< LOD	< LOD
	Flour			8			0	< LOD	< LOD	< LOD
	Polenta			8			0	< LOD	< LOD	< LOD
	Biscuits			54			0	< LOD	< LOD	< LOD
	Bread			56			0	< LOD	< LOD	< LOD
	‘Mixed’	2000–2001		30			0	< LOD	< LOD	<LOQ
UK	Barley	2002	Random	111	10	n.r.	0	< LOD	< LOD	< LOD	Edward (2009)	No
	Barley	2003		128			0	< LOD	< LOD	< LOD
	Barley	2004		110			0	< LOD	< LOD	< LOD
	Barley	2005		97			0	< LOD	< LOD	< LOD
	Wheat	2001		283			0	< LOD	< LOD	< LOD	Edward (2009)	No
	Wheat	2002		343			0	< LOD	< LOD	< LOD
	Wheat	2003		328			0	< LOD	< LOD	< LOD
	Wheat	2004		344			0	< LOD	< LOD	< LOD
	Wheat	2005		326			0	< LOD	< LOD	< LOD

LOD: limit of detection; LOQ: limit of quantification; n.r.: not reported.

In most cases, mean of positives, but this is not always fully clear.