Table 6.

Different source attribution approaches for Toxoplasma gondii

Source attribution approach	Comments
Epidemiological studies	Several case–control studies on toxoplasmosis have been conducted; outbreaks are relatively rare or, at least, rarely noticed and documented
Subtyping	So far, subtyping methods have shown that there is insufficient genetic heterogeneity in Europe for using subtyping to discriminate infection routes. This might change when more discriminative methods are used, as was recently demonstrated in France
Comparative risk assessment	Several comparative risk assessments provided evidence on the relative contribution of different meat products, but did not enable a definition of the relative contribution of meatborne toxoplasmosis vs other transmission routes
Expert knowledge elicitation	To date, the most frequently applied approach for attributing T. gondii to major transmission routes