| Species | Synonym a | Common name | Parts used | EU Ph. | EMA | The Plant List | USDA | Mansf | EFSA Comp. | BELFRIT | Other |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Frangula alnus Mill. |
Frangula atlantica Grubov Frangula frangula H. Karst. Frangula nigra Samp. Frangula pentapetala Gilib. Frangula vulgaris Hill Girtanneria frangula Neck. Rhamnus frangula L. |
Glossy buckthorn Alder buckthorn Frangula Persian bark |
Bark | 8.0 (2014) | X | X | X | X | spp | X |
WHO Mon. 2004 |
| Frangula purshiana Cooper |
Cardiolepis obtusa Raf. Frangula anonifolia (Greene) Grubov Rhamnus annonifolia Greene Rhamnus purshiana DC. |
Cascara buckthorn Pursh's buckthorn Bearberry Sacred bark |
Bark | 8.0 (2014) | X | X | X | X | spp | X |
WHO Mon. 2004 US Ph |
| Rhamnus alpina L. | Frangula latifolia Mill. | – |
Bark, fruit |
– | – | X | – | – | spp | X | – |
| Rhamnus cathartica L. |
Cervispina cathartica (L.) Moench |
Common buckthorn | Whole plant | – | – | X | X | X | spp | X | – |
Only resolved names and with confidence level 3. spp. = Cassia spp. (cited as a group); Ph = Pharmacopoeia; EU Ph = European Pharmacopoeia; EMA = European Medicines Agency; The plant List = The Plant List (2013). Version 1.1. Published on the Internet; http://www.theplantlist.org/; USDA = United States Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service Available at: https://plants.usda.gov/java/. Mansf. = Mansfeld's World Database of Agricultural and Horticultural Crops. Available at: http://mansfeld.ipk-gatersleben.de/apex/f?p=185:3::::::#; EFSA Comp. = Compendium of botanicals reported to contain naturally occurring substances of possible concern for human health when used in food and food supplements (2012). Available at: https://www.efsa.europa.eu/it/efsajournal/pub/2663; BELFRIT = Harmonized list of Plants allowed in Food supplements by Belgium, France and Italy. WHO Mon. = WHO Monographs on selected medicinal plants (http://apps.who.int/medicinedocs/en/).