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. 2018 Feb 27;16(2):e05182. doi: 10.2903/j.efsa.2018.5182

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© European Food Safety Authority and European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, 2018.

This is an open access article under the terms of the http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/ License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited and no modifications or adaptations are made.

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Trends in ampicillin (AMP), cefotaxime (CTX), ciprofloxacin (CIP), nalidixic acid (NAL) and tetracyclines (TET) resistance in indicator commensal Escherichia coli from broilers in reporting countries, 2008–2016

Statistical significance of trends over 4‐5 or more years was tested by a logistic regression model (p ≤ 0.05). Statistically significant increasing trends were observed for ampicillin in Belgium, Denmark, France and Poland, for ciprofloxacin in Finland, France, Hungary, Poland and Switzerland, for cefotaxime in France, as well as for tetracycline in Poland.

Statistically significant decreasing trends were observed for ampicillin in Austria, Germany, Hungary, the Netherlands, Norway and Spain, for ciprofloxacin in Austria, Croatia, the Netherlands, Norway and Spain, for cefotaxime in Belgium, Croatia, Germany, the Netherlands, Poland and Spain, for nalidixic acid in Belgium and the Netherlands, as well as for tetracycline in Austria, Belgium, Croatia, France, Germany, the Netherlands, Spain and Switzerland.