Table 10.
Antimicrobial resistance in Salmonella spp. (all non‐typhoidal serovars) from humans per country in 2016
| Country | Gentamicin | Chloramphenicol | Ampicillin | Cefotaxime | Ceftazidime | Meropenem | Tigecycline | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | % Res | N | % Res | N | % Res | N | % Res | N | % Res | N | % Res | N | % Res | |
| Austria | 1,460 | 1.2 | 1,460 | 2.9 | 1,460 | 13.2 | 1,460 | 0.5 | 1,460 | 0.5 | 1,460 | 0 | 1,460 | 0 |
| Belgium | 984 | 2.2 | 983 | 7.2 | 983 | 42.5 | 984 | 1.7 | 982 | 1.2 | 982 | 0 | – | – |
| Cyprus | 105 | 4.8 | – | – | 106 | 24.5 | 34 | 2.9 | 106 | 0.9 | 102 | 0 | 1 | NA |
| Denmark | 336 | 1.8 | 336 | 6.3 | 336 | 40.2 | 336 | 0.3 | 336 | 0.3 | 336 | 0 | 336 | 0.6 |
| Estonia | 203 | 1.5 | 203 | 3.0 | 203 | 35.5 | 200 | 0 | 204 | 0 | 202 | 0 | – | – |
| Finland | 240 | 0.8 | 240 | 4.6 | 240 | 25.0 | 240 | 2.1 | – | – | 240 | 0 | – | – |
| France | 852 | 0.8 | 852 | 5.3 | 852 | 29.8 | 852 | 0.5 | 852 | 0.2 | 851 | 0 | 852 | 0.8 |
| Germany a | 2,007 | 2.3 | 2,007 | 6.1 | 2,008 | 43.4 | 2,008 | 1.5 | 2,007 | 0.9 | 2,007 | 0 | – | – |
| Greece | 246 | 0.8 | 246 | 1.2 | 246 | 8.1 | 246 | 0.8 | 246 | 0.8 | 245 | 0 | – | – |
| Hungary a | 414 | 2.2 | 417 | 11.8 | 417 | 67.4 | 417 | 0.7 | 416 | 9.6 | 416 | 0 | – | – |
| Ireland | 214 | 4.2 | 214 | 7.0 | 214 | 29.4 | 214 | 1.9 | 214 | 1.9 | 214 | 0 | 214 | 0.5 |
| Italy | 66 | 4.5 | 66 | 9.1 | 66 | 47.0 | 66 | 0 | 66 | 0 | 66 | 0 | – | – |
| Latvia a | – | – | – | – | 26 | 15.4 | 27 | 3.7 | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Lithuania a | 356 | 0.6 | 469 | 1.5 | 1,020 | 24.5 | 847 | 0.6 | 469 | 1.1 | 288 | 0 | – | – |
| Luxembourg | 108 | 0.9 | 108 | 3.7 | 108 | 26.9 | 108 | 0 | 108 | 0.9 | 108 | 0 | – | – |
| Malta a | – | – | – | – | 180 | 29.4 | 180 | 7.8 | 180 | 7.8 | 181 | 0 | – | – |
| Netherlands | 927 | 2.3 | 927 | 7.8 | 927 | 29.4 | 927 | 1.2 | 927 | 1.1 | 927 | 0 | 927 | 1.2 |
| Portugal | 308 | 1.3 | 308 | 7.5 | 308 | 52.9 | 308 | 0.3 | 308 | 0.3 | 308 | 0 | 308 | 0.3 |
| Romania | 212 | 1.9 | 212 | 2.4 | 212 | 25.5 | 212 | 1.4 | 212 | 1.4 | 212 | 0 | – | – |
| Slovakia a | – | – | 6 | NA | 790 | 8.2 | 201 | 2.0 | 8 | NA | 7 | 0 | – | – |
| Slovenia | 311 | 0.3 | 311 | 0.6 | 311 | 11.6 | 311 | 0 | 311 | 0 | 311 | 0a | – | – |
| Spain | 1,418 | 1.1 | 1,417 | 6.5 | 1,419 | 37.4 | 1,416 | 1.6 | 1,415 | 0.5 | 1,401 | 0 | – | – |
| United Kingdom a | – | – | 2,095 | 11.6 | 3,454 | 23.1 | 1,295 | 1.0 | 749 | 4.4 | 844 | 0 | – | – |
| Total (MSs 23) | 10,767 | 1.7 | 12,877 | 6.5 | 15,886 | 29.5 | 12,889 | 1.2 | 11,576 | 1.4 | 11,708 | 0 | 4,098 | 0.5 |
| Iceland a | – | – | 23 | 0 | 23 | 60.9 | 1 | NA | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Norway | 223 | 2.2 | 84 | 16.7 | 223 | 20.6 | 223 | 0.9 | 223 | 0.9 | 223 | 0 | – | – |
| Country | Nalidixic acid | Ciprofloxacinb | Azithromycin | Colistin | Sulfamethoxazolec | Trimethoprim | Co‐trimoxazole | Tetracycline | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | % Res | N | % Res | N | % Res | N | % Res | N | % Res | N | % Res | N | % Res | N | % Res | |
| Austria | 1,460 | 13.3 | 1,100 | 14.7 | – | – | – | – | 1,460 | 15.1 | 1,460 | 2.7 | – | – | 1,460 | 15.6 |
| Belgium | 984 | 13.9 | 984 | 17.1 | 982 | 0.2 | – | – | 984 | 41.8 | 424 | 16.5 | – | – | 984 | 39.1 |
| Cyprus | – | – | – | – | – | – | 68 | 0 | – | – | – | – | – | – | 35 | 31.4 |
| Denmark | 336 | 3.0 | 336 | 4.5 | 336 | 1.2 | 336 | 3.9 | 336 | 37.8 | 336 | 6.0 | – | – | 336 | 38.1 |
| Estonia | 153 | 43.1 | 203 | 36.0 | – | – | 202 | 0.5 | 203 | 35.0 | 203 | 30.5 | – | – | 202 | 37.6 |
| Finland | 240 | 24.6 | 240 | 26.3 | – | – | – | – | – | – | 240 | 5.4 | – | – | 240 | 22.5 |
| France | 852 | 10.3 | 851 | 11.0 | 852 | 1.1 | 852 | 7.5 | 852 | 41.4 | 852 | 6.2 | – | – | 852 | 30.9 |
| Germany a | 2,006 | 11.7 | 2,007 | 2.2 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 2,006 | 7.2 | 2,003 | 27.1 |
| Greece | 246 | 6.1 | 246 | 2.0 | – | – | – | – | 246 | 62.6 | 233 | 4.3 | – | – | 246 | 7.3 |
| Hungary a | – | – | 419 | 6.0 | – | – | – | – | – | – | 417 | 6.5 | 417 | 12.5 | 417 | 68.3 |
| Ireland | 214 | 18.7 | 214 | 22.9 | 214 | 2.3 | 52 | 0 | 214 | 27.1 | 214 | 7.9 | – | – | 214 | 31.3 |
| Italy | 66 | 7.6 | 66 | 4.5 | – | – | – | – | 66 | 62.1 | 66 | 9.1 | 66 | 9.1 | 66 | 48.5 |
| Latvia a | – | – | 27 | 0 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 1 | NA | – | – |
| Lithuania a | 362 | 12.4 | 743 | 6.9 | – | – | – | – | – | – | 366 | 4.9 | 1,018 | 2.8 | 361 | 19.9 |
| Luxembourg | – | – | 108 | 7.4 | – | – | – | – | 108 | 35.2 | 108 | 11.1 | 108 | 8.3 | 108 | 32.4 |
| Malta a | – | – | 180 | 11.7 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Netherlands | 927 | 14.3 | 927 | 16.2 | 927 | 0.8 | 927 | 7.8 | 927 | 29.6 | 927 | 5.6 | – | – | 927 | 28.7 |
| Portugal | 308 | 17.9 | 308 | 14.6 | 308 | 1.0 | – | – | 308 | 74.0 | 308 | 22.4 | – | – | 308 | 53.2 |
| Romania | 212 | 20.8 | 212 | 11.8 | – | – | – | – | 212 | 25.5 | 212 | 7.1 | 212 | 3.8 | 212 | 14.2 |
| Slovakia a | – | – | 351 | 5.1 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 234 | 0.9 | 514 | 6.0 |
| Slovenia | – | – | 310 | 14.5 | – | – | – | – | 311 | 18.0 | 311 | 3.5 | 311 | 1.9 | 311 | 13.2 |
| Spain | 1,414 | 17.9 | 1,418 | 14.8 | – | – | – | – | 1,416 | 44.1 | 1,414 | 9.5 | – | – | 1,418 | 38.2 |
| United Kingdom a | 1,096 | 15.1 | 3,572 | 10.2 | – | – | – | – | 499 | 21.2 | 1,813 | 8.6 | 814 | 10.6 | 633 | 29.9 |
| Total (MSs 23) | 10,876 | 14.2 | 14,822 | 11.0 | 3,619 | 0.8 | 2,437 | 6.2 | 8,142 | 34.6 | 9,904 | 7.9 | 5,187 | 6.6 | 11,847 | 29.2 |
| Iceland a | – | – | 23 | 4.3 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 23 | 0 | – | – |
| Norway | – | – | 223 | 24.7 | 84 | 1.2 | – | – | – | – | – | – | 223 | 6.7 | 84 | 44.0 |
N: number of isolates tested; % Res: percentage of microbiologically resistant isolates (either interpreted as non‐wild type by ECOFFs or clinically non‐susceptible by combining resistant and intermediate categories); –: no data reported; NA: not applicable – if less than 10 isolates were tested, the percentage of resistance was not calculated; MS: Member State.
a
Data interpreted with clinical breakpoints.
b
Countries doing disk diffusion have replaced ciprofloxacin with pefloxacin when screening for fluoroquinolone resistance, as recommended by EUCAST.
c
Combined data on the class of sulfonamides and the substance sulfamethoxazole within this group.