Table 11.
Antimicrobial resistance in Salmonella Enteritidis from humans per country in 2016
| Country | Gentamicin | Chloramphenicol | Ampicillin | Cefotaxime | Ceftazidime | Meropenem | Tigecycline | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | % Res | N | % Res | N | % Res | N | % Res | N | % Res | N | % Res | N | % Res | |
| Austria | 716 | 0 | 716 | 0.4 | 716 | 1.8 | 716 | 0 | 716 | 0 | 716 | 0 | 716 | 0 |
| Belgium | 275 | 0 | 275 | 0.4 | 275 | 4.4 | 275 | 0.7 | 274 | 0.7 | 274 | 0 | – | – |
| Cyprus | 13 | 0 | – | – | 13 | 23.1 | 4 | NA | 13 | 0 | 12 | 0 | 1 | NA |
| Estonia | 75 | 0 | 75 | 2.7 | 75 | 0 | 74 | 0 | 75 | 0 | 75 | 0 | – | – |
| Finland | 83 | 0 | 83 | 0 | 83 | 28.9 | 83 | 1.2 | – | – | 83 | 0 | – | – |
| France | 237 | 0 | 237 | 0.4 | 237 | 4.6 | 237 | 0.4 | 237 | 0.4 | 237 | 0 | 237 | 0 |
| Germanya | 210 | 0 | 210 | 0.5 | 210 | 30 | 210 | 0 | 210 | 0 | 209 | 0 | – | – |
| Greece | 114 | 0 | 114 | 0 | 114 | 0 | 114 | 0 | 114 | 0 | 113 | 0 | – | – |
| Hungary | 12 | 0 | 12 | 8.3 | 12 | 66.7 | 12 | 0 | 12 | 25.0 | 12 | 0 | – | – |
| Ireland | 54 | 0 | 54 | 0 | 54 | 3.7 | 54 | 0 | 54 | 0 | 54 | 0 | 54 | 0 |
| Italy | 20 | 0 | 20 | 0 | 20 | 0 | 20 | 0 | 20 | 0 | 20 | 0 | – | – |
| Latviaa | – | – | – | – | 15 | 6.7 | 15 | 0 | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Lithuania | 247 | 0 | 340 | 0.3 | 766 | 14.5 | 663 | 0.6 | 341 | 0.6 | 215 | 0 | – | – |
| Luxembourg | 22 | 0 | 22 | 0 | 22 | 0 | 22 | 0 | 22 | 0 | 22 | 0 | – | – |
| Maltaa | – | – | – | – | 62 | 0.0 | 61 | 0 | 61 | 0 | 62 | 0 | – | – |
| Netherlands | 237 | 0 | 237 | 0 | 237 | 2.1 | 237 | 0 | 237 | 0 | 237 | 0 | 237 | 0.8 |
| Portugal | 91 | 0 | 91 | 1.1 | 91 | 3.3 | 91 | 0 | 91 | 0 | 91 | 0 | 91 | 0 |
| Romania | 131 | 0.8 | 131 | 0.8 | 131 | 1.5 | 131 | 0.8 | 131 | 0.8 | 131 | 0 | – | – |
| Slovakiaa | – | – | 6 | 0 | 688 | 3.6 | 171 | 0.6 | 8 | NA | 7 | NA | – | – |
| Slovenia | 149 | 0 | 149 | 0 | 149 | 2 | 149 | 0 | 149 | 0 | 149 | 0a | – | – |
| Spain | 617 | 0.6 | 617 | 0.5 | 616 | 1.8 | 615 | 0.5 | 615 | 0.3 | 610 | 0 | – | – |
| United Kingdoma | – | – | 630 | 6.7 | 930 | 7.0 | 390 | 0 | 134 | 0 | 162 | 0 | – | – |
| Total (MSs 22) | 3,303 | 0.2 | 4,019 | 1.4 | 5,516 | 6.6 | 4,344 | 0.3 | 3,514 | 0.3 | 3,491 | 0 | 1,336 | 0.1 |
| Icelanda | – | – | 2 | NA | 2 | NA | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Norway | 63 | 0 | 22 | 0 | 63 | 1.6 | 63 | 0 | 63 | 0 | 63 | 0 | – | – |
| Country | Nalidixic acid | Ciprofloxacinb | Azithromycin | Colistin | Sulfamethoxazolec | Trimethoprim | Co‐trimoxazole | Tetracycline | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | % Res | N | % Res | N | % Res | N | % Res | N | % Res | N | % Res | N | % Res | N | % Res | |
| Austria | 716 | 11.2 | 545 | 11.2 | – | – | – | – | 716 | 1 | 716 | 0.6 | – | – | 716 | 1.1 |
| Belgium | 275 | 14.9 | 275 | 15.6 | 274 | 0 | – | – | 275 | 14.9 | 128 | 0 | – | – | 275 | 2.2 |
| Cyprus | – | – | – | – | – | – | 9 | 0 | – | – | – | – | – | – | 4 | NA |
| Estonia | 67 | 11.9 | 75 | 14.7 | – | – | 74 | 1.4 | 75 | 0.0 | 75 | 0 | – | – | 74 | 4.1 |
| Finland | 83 | 51.8 | 83 | 53.0 | – | – | – | – | – | – | 83 | 0 | – | – | 83 | 27.7 |
| France | 237 | 15.2 | 237 | 15.2 | 237 | 0 | 237 | 17.7 | 237 | 12.2 | 237 | 0.8 | – | – | 237 | 3.4 |
| Germanya | 210 | 11.9 | 210 | 0 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 209 | 0 | 210 | 3.3 |
| Greece | 114 | 7.9 | 114 | 0 | – | – | – | – | 114 | 57 | 110 | 0.9 | – | – | 114 | 0 |
| Hungary | – | – | 12 | 0 | – | – | – | – | – | – | 12 | 16.7 | 12 | 25.0 | 12 | 75.0 |
| Ireland | 54 | 38.9 | 54 | 37.0 | 54 | 0 | 9 | NA | 54 | 0 | 54 | 1.9 | – | – | 54 | 1.9 |
| Italy | 20 | 5.0 | 20 | 5.0 | – | – | – | – | 20 | 15 | 20 | 0 | 20 | 0 | 20 | 0 |
| Latviaa | – | – | 15 | 0 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 1 | NA | – | – |
| Lithuaniaa | 250 | 13.6 | 551 | 7.3 | – | – | – | – | – | – | 255 | 1.2 | 765 | 0.5 | 249 | 1.6 |
| Luxembourg | – | – | 22 | 9.1 | – | – | – | – | 22 | 18.2 | 22 | 0 | 22 | 0 | 22 | 4.5 |
| Maltaa | – | – | 61 | 0 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Netherlands | 237 | 14.3 | 237 | 14.8 | 237 | 1.3 | 237 | 23.6 | 237 | 0.8 | 237 | 0.4 | – | – | 237 | 0.4 |
| Portugal | 91 | 34.1 | 91 | 26.4 | 91 | 0 | – | – | 91 | 44.0 | 91 | 4.4 | – | – | 91 | 4.4 |
| Romania | 131 | 25.2 | 131 | 11.5 | – | – | – | – | 131 | 9.9 | 131 | 3.8 | 131 | 0 | 131 | 0.8 |
| Slovakiaa | – | – | 310 | 4.8 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 199 | 0 | 445 | 0.9 |
| Slovenia | – | – | 149 | 13.4 | – | – | – | – | 149 | 4 | 149 | 1.3 | 149 | 0 | 149 | 2.0 |
| Spain | 615 | 28.8 | 617 | 21.4 | – | – | – | – | 616 | 12.8 | 616 | 3.9 | – | – | 617 | 1.1 |
| United Kingdoma | 346 | 17.9 | 958 | 9.2 | – | – | – | – | 208 | 8.7 | 508 | 1.4 | 206 | 2.9 | 234 | 10.3 |
| Total (MSs 22) | 3,446 | 18.4 | 4,767 | 12.3 | 893 | 0.3 | 566 | 17.5 | 2,945 | 10.4 | 3,444 | 1.6 | 1,714 | 0.8 | 3,974 | 2.9 |
| Icelanda | – | – | 2 | NA | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 2 | NA | – | – |
| Norway | – | – | 63 | 25.4 | 22 | 0 | – | – | – | – | – | – | 63 | 1.6 | 22 | 9.1 |
N: number of isolates tested; % Res: percentage of microbiologically resistant isolates (either interpreted as non‐wild type by ECOFFs or clinically non‐susceptible by combining resistant and intermediate categories); –: no data reported; NA: not applicable – if less than 10 isolates were tested, the percentage of resistance was not calculated; MS: Member State.
a
Data interpreted with clinical breakpoints.
b
Countries doing disk diffusion have replaced ciprofloxacin with pefloxacin when screening for fluoroquinolone resistance, as recommended by EUCAST.
c
Combined data on the class of sulfonamides and the substance sulfamethoxazole within this group.