Table 12.
Antimicrobial resistance in Salmonella Typhimurium from humans per country in 2016
| Country | Gentamicin | Chloramphenicol | Ampicillin | Cefotaxime | Ceftazidime | Meropenem | Tigecycline | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | % Res | N | % Res | N | % Res | N | % Res | N | % Res | N | % Res | N | % Res | |
| Austria | 178 | 1.7 | 178 | 7.3 | 178 | 32.0 | 178 | 2.2 | 178 | 2.2 | 178 | 0 | 178 | 0 |
| Belgium | 262 | 0.0 | 261 | 14.2 | 261 | 75.1 | 262 | 2.7 | 261 | 1.1 | 261 | 0 | – | – |
| Cyprus | 39 | 5.1 | – | – | 40 | 37.5 | 7 | NA | 40 | 0 | 38 | 0 | – | – |
| Denmark | 57 | 0 | 57 | 17.5 | 57 | 42.1 | 57 | 0 | 57 | 0 | 57 | 0 | 57 | 0 |
| Estonia | 72 | 0 | 72 | 2.8 | 72 | 81.9 | 71 | 0 | 72 | 0 | 72 | 0 | – | – |
| Finland | 57 | 0 | 57 | 7.0 | 57 | 10.5 | 57 | 0 | – | – | 57 | 0 | – | – |
| France | 117 | 0 | 117 | 27.4 | 117 | 47.0 | 117 | 0.9 | 117 | 0.9 | 116 | 0 | 117 | 0.9 |
| Germanya | 575 | 1.2 | 575 | 9.6 | 575 | 80.2 | 575 | 1.2 | 575 | 0.9 | 575 | 0 | – | – |
| Greece | 17 | 0 | 17 | 0 | 17 | 35.3 | 17 | 5.9 | 17 | 5.9 | 17 | 0 | – | – |
| Hungarya | 153 | 4.6 | 154 | 23.4 | 154 | 46.1 | 154 | 1.3 | 153 | 11.8 | 154 | 0 | – | – |
| Ireland | 37 | 0 | 37 | 8.1 | 37 | 24.3 | 37 | 0 | 37 | 0 | 37 | 0 | 37 | 0 |
| Italy | 1 | NA | 1 | NA | 1 | NA | 1 | NA | 1 | NA | 1 | NA | – | – |
| Latviaa | – | – | – | – | 6 | NA | 7 | NA | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Lithuaniaa | 52 | 0 | 71 | 8.5 | 139 | 81.3 | 96 | 0 | 71 | 0 | 43 | 0 | – | – |
| Luxembourg | 21 | 0 | 21 | 19.0 | 21 | 38.1 | 21 | 0 | 21 | 0 | 21 | 0 | – | – |
| Maltaa | – | – | – | – | 27 | 88.9 | 27 | 0 | 27 | 0 | 27 | 0 | – | – |
| Netherlands | 196 | 1.0 | 196 | 26.0 | 196 | 46.4 | 196 | 0.5 | 196 | 0 | 196 | 0 | 196 | 0 |
| Portugal | 55 | 0 | 55 | 20.0 | 55 | 72.7 | 55 | 0 | 55 | 0 | 55 | 0 | 55 | 0 |
| Romania | 57 | 3.5 | 57 | 5.3 | 57 | 82.5 | 57 | 3.5 | 57 | 3.5 | 57 | 0 | – | – |
| Slovakiaa | – | – | – | – | 38 | 65.8 | 10 | 20.0 | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Slovenia | 44 | 0 | 44 | 4.5 | 44 | 38.6 | 44 | 0 | 44 | 0 | 44 | 0a | – | – |
| Spain | 58 | 0 | 58 | 48.3 | 58 | 65.5 | 58 | 3.4 | 58 | 0 | 58 | 0 | – | – |
| United Kingdoma | – | – | 358 | 25.1 | 595 | 55.8 | 208 | 2.4 | 110 | 5.5 | 125 | 0 | – | – |
| Total (MSs 23) | 2,048 | 1.1 | 2,386 | 16.2 | 2,802 | 60.6 | 2,312 | 1.5 | 2,147 | 1.9 | 2,189 | 0 | 640 | 0.2 |
| Icelanda | – | – | 8 | NA | 8 | NA | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Norway | 34 | 5.9 | 13 | 46.2 | 34 | 23.5 | 34 | 0 | 34 | 0 | 34 | 0 | – | – |
| Country | Nalidixic acid | Ciprofloxacinb | Azithromycin | Colistin | Sulfamethoxazolec | Trimethoprim | Co‐trimoxazole | Tetracycline | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | % Res | N | % Res | N | % Res | N | % Res | N | % Res | N | % Res | N | % Res | N | % Res | |
| Austria | 178 | 4.5 | 126 | 6.3 | – | – | – | – | 178 | 33.1 | 178 | 4.5 | – | – | 178 | 34.3 |
| Belgium | 262 | 2.3 | 262 | 6.5 | 261 | 0 | – | – | 262 | 51.9 | 94 | 31.9 | – | – | 262 | 55.0 |
| Cyprus | – | – | – | – | – | – | 29 | 0 | – | – | – | – | – | – | 7 | 42.9 |
| Denmark | 57 | 0 | 57 | 0 | 57 | 0.0 | 57 | 0 | 57 | 38.6 | 57 | 5.3 | – | – | 57 | 40.4 |
| Estonia | 64 | 84.4 | 72 | 75.0 | – | – | 72 | 0 | 72 | 81.9 | 72 | 79.2 | – | – | 72 | 81.9 |
| Finland | 57 | 15.8 | 57 | 17.5 | – | – | – | – | – | – | 57 | 3.5 | – | – | 57 | 8.8 |
| France | 117 | 7.7 | 117 | 8.5 | 117 | 0.9 | 117 | 0.9 | 117 | 59.8 | 117 | 15.4 | – | – | 117 | 49.6 |
| Germanya | 574 | 4.2 | 574 | 0.2 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 575 | 13.2 | 573 | 60.7 |
| Greece | 17 | 5.9 | 17 | 0 | – | – | – | – | 17 | 88.2 | 17 | 5.9 | – | – | 17 | 35.3 |
| Hungarya | – | – | 155 | 7.7 | – | – | – | – | – | – | 154 | 7.8 | 154 | 11.7 | 154 | 45.5 |
| Ireland | 37 | 2.7 | 37 | 2.7 | 37 | 0 | 8 | 0 | 37 | 16.2 | 37 | 0 | – | – | 37 | 18.9 |
| Italy | 1 | NA | 1 | NA | – | – | – | – | 1 | NA | 1 | NA | 1 | NA | 1 | NA |
| Latviaa | – | – | 7 | NA | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Lithuaniaa | 56 | 5.4 | 115 | 2.6 | – | – | – | – | – | – | 55 | 1.8 | 139 | 5 | 56 | 75.0 |
| Luxembourg | – | – | 21 | 4.8 | – | – | – | – | 21 | 38.1 | 21 | 19.0 | 21 | 19 | 21 | 47.6 |
| Maltaa | – | – | 27 | 0 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Netherlands | 196 | 18.4 | 196 | 19.4 | 196 | 0 | 196 | 0.5 | 196 | 41.3 | 196 | 10.2 | – | – | 196 | 36.7 |
| Portugal | 55 | 27.3 | 55 | 25.5 | 55 | 1.8 | – | – | 55 | 78.2 | 55 | 12.7 | – | – | 55 | 67.3 |
| Romania | 57 | 1.8 | 57 | 1.8 | – | – | – | – | 57 | 59.6 | 57 | 7.0 | 57 | 5.3 | 57 | 35.1 |
| Slovakiaa | – | – | 17 | 5.9 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 16 | 0 | 30 | 53.3 |
| Slovenia | – | – | 43 | 16.3 | – | – | – | – | 44 | 27.3 | 44 | 9.1 | 44 | 6.8 | 44 | 29.5 |
| Spain | 58 | 6.9 | 58 | 6.9 | – | – | – | – | 58 | 60.3 | 58 | 6.9 | – | – | 58 | 62.1 |
| United Kingdoma | 182 | 7.1 | 627 | 7.3 | – | – | – | – | 85 | 56.5 | 293 | 16.0 | 153 | 21.6 | 109 | 69.7 |
| Total (MSs 23) | 1,968 | 9.3 | 2,698 | 8.5 | 723 | 0.3 | 479 | 0.4 | 1,257 | 50.0 | 1,563 | 14.3 | 1,160 | 12.5 | 2,158 | 51.3 |
| Icelanda | – | – | 8 | NA | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 8 | NA | – | – |
| Norway | – | – | 34 | 11.8 | 13 | 7.7 | – | – | – | – | – | – | 34 | 0 | 13 | 53.8 |
N: number of isolates tested; % Res: percentage of microbiologically resistant isolates [either interpreted as non‐wild type by ECOFFs or clinically non‐susceptible by combining resistant and intermediate categories]; –: no data reported; NA: not applicable – if fewer than 10 isolates were tested, the percentage of resistance was not calculated; MS: Member State.
a
Provided measured values. Data interpreted by ECDC.
b
Ciprofloxacin has in several countries been replaced by pefloxacin for screening of fluoroquinolone resistance with disc diffusion, as recommended by EUCAST.
c
Combined data on the class of sulfonamides and the substance sulfamethoxazole within this group.