Table 47.
Combined resistance to fluoroquinolones and third‐generation cephalosporins in indicator Escherichia coli from broilers in MSs, 2016
| Country | N | Multiresistance patterns of isolates resistant to both CIP and CTX (number of isolates) | Resistant to both CIP and CTX, applying ECOFFs | Resistant to both CIP and CTX, applying CBPs | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | % | n | % | |||
| Belgium | 151 | AMP‐CTX‐CAZ‐CIP‐NAL‐SMX(1) | 1 | 0.7 | – | – |
| Bulgaria | 111 | AMP‐CTX‐CAZ‐CIP‐NAL‐SMX‐TET(1) | 3 | 2.7 | 3 | 2.7 |
| AMP‐CTX‐CHL‐CIP‐GEN‐NAL‐SMX‐TET‐TMP(1) | ||||||
| AMP‐CTX‐CIP‐NAL‐SMX‐TET‐TMP(1) | ||||||
| Croatia | 85 | AMP‐CTX‐CAZ‐CIP‐NAL‐SMX‐TMP(1) | 4 | 4.7 | 1 | 1.2 |
| AMP‐CTX‐CAZ‐CIP‐NAL‐TET(2) | ||||||
| AMP‐CTX‐CIP‐NAL‐TET(1) | ||||||
| Cyprus | 85 | AMP‐CTX‐CAZ‐CHL‐CIP‐COL‐NAL‐SMX‐TET‐TGC‐TMP(1) | 4 | 4.7 | 3 | 3.5 |
| AMP‐CTX‐CAZ‐CHL‐CIP‐GEN‐NAL‐SMX‐TET‐TMP(1) | ||||||
| AMP‐CTX‐CAZ‐CIP‐COL‐NAL‐SMX‐TET‐TGC‐TMP(1) | ||||||
| AMP‐CTX‐CIP‐NAL‐SMX‐TET‐TMP(1) | ||||||
| Czech Republic | 227 | AMP‐CTX‐CAZ‐CIP‐NAL‐SMX‐TET‐TMP(1) | 1 | 0.4 | – | . |
| Denmark | 186 | AMP‐CTX‐CAZ‐CIP‐NAL‐TET(1) | 1 | 0.5 | – | . |
| Finland | 184 | AMP‐CTX‐CAZ‐CIP‐NAL‐SMX‐TET‐TMP(1) | 1 | 0.5 | . | . |
| France | 188 | AMP‐CTX‐CAZ‐CIP‐NAL‐SMX(1) | 3 | 1.6 | 3 | 1.6 |
| AMP‐CTX‐CAZ‐CIP‐NAL‐SMX‐TET(1) | ||||||
| AMP‐CTX‐CAZ‐CIP‐NAL‐TET(1) | ||||||
| Germany | 177 | AMP‐CTX‐CAZ‐CIP‐NAL(1) | 1 | 0.6 | . | . |
| Greece | 170 | AMP‐CTX‐CAZ‐CHL‐CIP‐GEN‐NAL‐SMX‐TET(1) | 3 | 1.8 | 1 | 0.6 |
| AMP‐CTX‐CAZ‐CHL‐CIP‐GEN‐SMX‐TET‐TMP(1) | ||||||
| AMP‐CTX‐CIP‐GEN‐NAL‐SMX‐TET‐TMP(1) | ||||||
| Hungary | 170 | AMP‐CTX‐CAZ‐CHL‐CIP‐NAL‐SMX(1) | 11 | 6.5 | 5 | 2.9 |
| AMP‐CTX‐CAZ‐CHL‐CIP‐NAL‐TET(1) | ||||||
| AMP‐CTX‐CAZ‐CIP(1) | ||||||
| AMP‐CTX‐CAZ‐CIP‐GEN‐NAL‐TET(1) | ||||||
| AMP‐CTX‐CAZ‐CIP‐GEN‐SMX‐TET(1) | ||||||
| AMP‐CTX‐CAZ‐CIP‐NAL(3) | ||||||
| AMP‐CTX‐CAZ‐CIP‐NAL‐SMX‐TET(1) | ||||||
| AMP‐CTX‐CAZ‐CIP‐NAL‐SMX‐TET‐TMP(1) | ||||||
| AMP‐CTX‐CAZ‐CIP‐NAL‐SMX‐TMP(1) | ||||||
| Ireland | 170 | AMP‐CTX‐CAZ‐CHL‐CIP‐GEN‐NAL‐SMX‐TET‐TMP(1) | 2 | 1.2 | . | . |
| AMP‐CTX‐CAZ‐CIP‐NAL‐SMX‐TET‐TMP(1) | ||||||
| Italy | 171 | AMP‐CTX‐CAZ‐CHL‐CIP‐GEN‐NAL‐SMX‐TMP(1) | 6 | 3.5 | 3 | 1.8 |
| AMP‐CTX‐CAZ‐CHL‐CIP‐NAL‐SMX‐TET‐TMP(2) | ||||||
| AMP‐CTX‐CAZ‐CHL‐CIP‐SMX‐TET(1) | ||||||
| AMP‐CTX‐CAZ‐CIP‐NAL‐SMX‐TET(1) | ||||||
| AMP‐CTX‐CAZ‐CIP‐NAL‐TET(1) | ||||||
| Latvia | 100 | AMP‐CTX‐CAZ‐CHL‐CIP‐NAL‐SMX‐TET(1) | 8 | 8 | . | . |
| AMP‐CTX‐CAZ‐CHL‐CIP‐NAL‐SMX‐TET‐TMP(5) | ||||||
| AMP‐CTX‐CAZ‐CHL‐CIP‐NAL‐SMX‐TMP(1) | ||||||
| AMP‐CTX‐CHL‐CIP‐NAL‐SMX‐TET‐TMP(1) | ||||||
| Lithuania | 100 | AMP‐CTX‐CAZ‐CHL‐CIP‐GEN‐NAL‐SMX(4) | 50 | 50 | 8 | 8 |
| AMP‐CTX‐CAZ‐CHL‐CIP‐GEN‐NAL‐SMX‐TET(5) | ||||||
| AMP‐CTX‐CAZ‐CHL‐CIP‐GEN‐NAL‐SMX‐TET‐TMP(5) | ||||||
| AMP‐CTX‐CAZ‐CHL‐CIP‐GEN‐NAL‐SMX‐TMP(1) | ||||||
| AMP‐CTX‐CAZ‐CHL‐CIP‐NAL‐SMX(1) | ||||||
| AMP‐CTX‐CAZ‐CHL‐CIP‐NAL‐SMX‐TET(1) | ||||||
| AMP‐CTX‐CAZ‐CHL‐CIP‐NAL‐SMX‐TET‐TMP(8) | ||||||
| AMP‐CTX‐CAZ‐CHL‐CIP‐NAL‐SMX‐TMP(2) | ||||||
| AMP‐CTX‐CAZ‐CHL‐CIP‐SMX‐TET‐TMP(1) | ||||||
| AMP‐CTX‐CAZ‐CHL‐CIP‐SMX‐TMP(1) | ||||||
| AMP‐CTX‐CAZ‐CIP‐GEN‐NAL‐SMX‐TET(2) | ||||||
| AMP‐CTX‐CAZ‐CIP‐GEN‐NAL‐SMX‐TET‐TMP(3) | ||||||
| AMP‐CTX‐CAZ‐CIP‐GEN‐NAL‐SMX‐TMP(1) | ||||||
| AMP‐CTX‐CAZ‐CIP‐GEN‐SMX‐TET‐TMP(2) | ||||||
| AMP‐CTX‐CAZ‐CIP‐NAL‐SMX‐TET(1) | ||||||
| AMP‐CTX‐CAZ‐CIP‐NAL‐SMX‐TET‐TMP(8) | ||||||
| AMP‐CTX‐CAZ‐CIP‐SMX‐TET‐TMP(2) | ||||||
| AMP‐CTX‐CAZ‐CIP‐SMX‐TMP(2) | ||||||
| Netherlands | 300 | AMP‐CTX‐CAZ‐CHL‐CIP‐NAL‐SMX‐TET‐TMP(1) | 3 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| AMP‐CTX‐CAZ‐CHL‐CIP‐SMX‐TET‐TMP(1) | ||||||
| AMP‐CTX‐CAZ‐CIP‐GEN‐NAL‐SMX(1) | ||||||
| Poland | 173 | AMP‐CTX‐CAZ‐CIP‐NAL(1) | 6 | 3.5 | 6 | 3.5 |
| AMP‐CTX‐CAZ‐CIP‐NAL‐SMX‐TET(2) | ||||||
| AMP‐CTX‐CAZ‐CIP‐NAL‐SMX‐TET‐TGC‐TMP(1) | ||||||
| AMP‐CTX‐CAZ‐CIP‐NAL‐SMX‐TET‐TMP(1) | ||||||
| AMP‐CTX‐CAZ‐CIP‐NAL‐TET(1) | ||||||
| Portugal | 161 | AMP‐CTX‐CAZ‐CHL‐CIP‐COL‐GEN‐NAL‐SMX‐TET‐TMP(1) | 10 | 6.2 | 6 | 3.7 |
| AMP‐CTX‐CAZ‐CHL‐CIP‐COL‐NAL‐SMX‐TET‐TMP(1) | ||||||
| AMP‐CTX‐CAZ‐CHL‐CIP‐NAL‐SMX‐TET‐TMP(3) | ||||||
| AMP‐CTX‐CAZ‐CIP‐NAL(1) | ||||||
| AMP‐CTX‐CAZ‐CIP‐NAL‐SMX‐TET(1) | ||||||
| AMP‐CTX‐CAZ‐CIP‐SMX(1) | ||||||
| AMP‐CTX‐CAZ‐CIP‐SMX‐TET‐TMP(1) | ||||||
| AMP‐CTX‐CIP‐NAL‐TET(1) | ||||||
| AMP‐CTX‐CAZ‐CHL‐CIP‐GEN‐NAL‐SMX‐TET(2) | ||||||
| AMP‐CTX‐CAZ‐CHL‐CIP‐GEN‐NAL‐SMX‐TET‐TMP(3) | ||||||
| Romania | 840 | AMP‐CTX‐CAZ‐CHL‐CIP‐NAL‐SMX‐TET‐TMP(1) | 24 | 2.9 | 14 | 1.7 |
| AMP‐CTX‐CAZ‐CIP(1) | ||||||
| AMP‐CTX‐CAZ‐CIP‐COL‐NAL‐SMX(1) | ||||||
| AMP‐CTX‐CAZ‐CIP‐GEN‐NAL‐SMX‐TET‐TMP(2) | ||||||
| AMP‐CTX‐CAZ‐CIP‐NAL(3) | ||||||
| AMP‐CTX‐CAZ‐CIP‐NAL‐SMX‐TET(1) | ||||||
| AMP‐CTX‐CAZ‐CIP‐NAL‐SMX‐TET‐TMP(2) | ||||||
| AMP‐CTX‐CAZ‐CIP‐NAL‐SMX‐TMP(2) | ||||||
| AMP‐CTX‐CAZ‐CIP‐NAL‐TET‐TMP(1) | ||||||
| AMP‐CTX‐CHL‐CIP‐COL‐NAL‐SMX‐TET‐TMP(1) | ||||||
| AMP‐CTX‐CHL‐CIP‐GEN‐NAL‐SMX‐TET‐TMP(1) | ||||||
| AMP‐CTX‐CIP‐GEN‐NAL‐SMX‐TET(1) | ||||||
| AMP‐CTX‐CIP‐GEN‐NAL‐SMX‐TET‐TMP(1) | ||||||
| AMP‐CTX‐CIP‐SMX‐TMP(1) | ||||||
| AMP‐CTX‐CAZ‐CIP‐GEN‐SMX(1) | ||||||
| AMP‐CTX‐CAZ‐CIP‐NAL(2) | ||||||
| Slovenia | 85 | AMP‐CTX‐CAZ‐CIP‐NAL‐SMX‐TET(1) | 5 | 5.9 | 3 | 3.5 |
| AMP‐CTX‐CAZ‐CIP‐NAL‐TET(1) | ||||||
| AMP‐CTX‐CAZ‐CHL‐CIP‐NAL‐SMX‐TET(1) | ||||||
| AMP‐CTX‐CAZ‐CIP‐GEN‐NAL(1) | ||||||
| Spain | 171 | AMP‐CTX‐CAZ‐CIP‐GEN‐NAL‐SMX(1) | 12 | 7 | 5 | 2.9 |
| AMP‐CTX‐CAZ‐CIP‐GEN‐NAL‐SMX‐TET(1) | ||||||
| AMP‐CTX‐CAZ‐CIP‐NAL(1) | ||||||
| AMP‐CTX‐CAZ‐CIP‐NAL‐SMX(1) | ||||||
| AMP‐CTX‐CAZ‐CIP‐NAL‐SMX‐TET(1) | ||||||
| AMP‐CTX‐CAZ‐CIP‐NAL‐TET(2) | ||||||
| AMP‐CTX‐CHL‐CIP‐GEN‐NAL‐SMX‐TET(1) | ||||||
| AMP‐CTX‐CIP‐NAL‐SMX‐TET‐TMP(1) | ||||||
| AMP‐CTX‐CIP‐NAL‐SMX‐TMP(1) | ||||||
| AMP‐CTX‐CAZ‐CIP‐NAL‐SMX(1) | ||||||
| AMP‐CTX‐CAZ‐CIP‐NAL‐SMX‐TET(1) | ||||||
| Total (21 MSs) | 4,005 | 159 | 4.0 | 61 | 1.5 | |
ECOFFs: epidemiological cut‐off values; MSs: Member States; N: number of isolates tested; GEN: gentamicin, CHL: chloramphenicol; AMP: ampicillin; CTX: cefotaxime; CAZ: Ceftazidime; TGC: tigecycline; NAL: nalidixic acid; CIP: ciprofloxacin; COL: colistin; SMX: sulfamethoxazole; TMP: trimethoprim; TET: tetracycline; CBP: clinical breakpoint; n: number of resistant isolates.