Table 66.
Presumptive ESBL and AmpC‐producing indicator E. coli isolates from broiler flocks collected within the routine monitoring and subjected to supplementary testing (Panel 2) in 2016a
| Country | Presumptive resistance phenotype | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total number tested P1 | Total number tested P2 | ESBLb | ESBL only CLA/CTX SYNc | ESBL only CLA/CAZ SYNd | AmpCe | AmpC + ESBLf | CPsg | |||||||
| n | %h | n | %h | n | %h | n | %h | n | %h | n | %h | |||
| Austria | 170 | 1 | – | – | – | – | – | – | 1 | 0.6 | – | – | – | – |
| Belgium | 151 | 1 | 1 | 0.7 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Bulgaria | 111 | 4 | 4 | 3.6 | 4 | 3.6 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Croatia | 85 | 4 | 2 | 2.4 | 1 | 1.2 | – | – | 2 | 2.4 | – | – | – | – |
| Cyprus | 85 | 5 | 2 | 2.4 | 2 | 2.4 | – | – | 3 | 3.5 | – | – | 1 | 1.2 |
| Czech Republici | 227 | 1 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Denmark | 186 | 1 | – | – | – | – | – | – | 1 | 0.5 | – | – | – | – |
| Finland | 184 | 1 | – | – | – | – | – | – | 1 | 0.5 | – | – | – | – |
| Francei | 188 | 7 | 6 | 3.2 | 2 | 1.1 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Germany | 177 | 2 | 2 | 1.1 | 0. | – | – | 1 | 0.6 | 1 | 0.6 | – | – | |
| Greece | 170 | 4 | 1 | 0.6 | 1 | 0.6 | – | – | 3 | 1.8 | – | – | – | – |
| Hungary | 170 | 12 | 4 | 2.4 | 0. | 1 | 0.6 | 8 | 4.7 | – | – | – | – | |
| Ireland | 170 | 4 | 4 | 2.4 | 2 | 1.2 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Italyj | 171 | 9 | 8 | 4.7 | 2 | 1.2 | 1 | 0.6 | 2 | 1.2 | 1 | 0.6 | – | – |
| Latvia | 100 | 8 | 8 | 8.0 | 7 | 7.0 | – | – | 4 | 4.0 | 4 | 4.0 | – | – |
| Lithuania | 100 | 52 | 17 | 17.0 | 3 | 3.0 | – | – | 36 | 36.0 | 1 | 1.0 | – | – |
| Netherlands | 300 | 3 | 2 | 0.7 | 1 | 0.3 | – | – | 1 | 0.3 | – | – | – | – |
| Poland | 173 | 6 | 5 | 2.9 | – | – | – | – | 5 | 2.9 | 4 | 2.3 | – | – |
| Portugali | 161 | 10 | 9 | 5.6 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Romania | 840 | 29 | 14 | 1.7 | 9 | 1.1 | – | – | 15 | 1.8 | 1 | 0.1 | – | – |
| Sloveniai | 85 | 5 | 2 | 2.4 | – | – | 1 | 1.2 | 3 | 3.5 | v | – | – | – |
| Spain | 171 | 16 | 14 | 8.2 | 4 | 2.3 | 1 | 0.6 | 3 | 1.8 | 1 | 0.6 | – | – |
| Swedenj | 175 | 3 | 3 | 1.7 | 2 | 1.1 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Total (23 MSs) | 4,350 | 188 | 108 | 2.5 | 40 | 0.9 | 4 | 0.1 | 89 | 2.0 | 13 | 2.0 | 1 | 0.02 |
ESBL: extended‐spectrum β‐lactamase; n = isolates with this phenotype; %: percentage of isolates from the total tested; SYN: synergy; CTX: cefotaxime; CAZ: ceftazidime; CLA: clavulanate. MSs: Member States.
According to EUCAST Guidelines (EUCAST, 2013), only isolates showing an MIC > 1 mg/L for cefotaxime and/or ceftazidime (screening breakpoint) were considered (see Materials and methods Section 2).
All isolates showing clavulanate synergy with cefotaxime, ceftazidime or with both compounds, suggesting the presence of an ESBL (independently of the presence of other mechanisms).
Isolates showing synergy with cefotaxime only, suggesting the presence of an ESBL with cefotaximase activity.
Isolates showing synergy with ceftazidime only, suggesting the presence of an ESBL with ceftazidimase activity.
Isolates with microbiological resistance to cefoxitin, suggesting the presence of an AmpC enzyme (independently of the presence of other mechanisms).
Isolates showing synergy with cefotaxime or ceftazidime and with microbiological resistance to cefoxitin, suggesting the presence of ESBL and AmpC enzymes in the same isolate. These isolates are also included in the ESBL and AmpC columns.
Isolates with microbiological meropenem resistance.
Percentage of the total number of E. coli isolates tested (with Panel 1).
It includes isolates microbiologically resistant to cefotaxime and/or ceftazidime but with MIC ≤ 1 mg/L for both antimicrobials, suggesting the presence of other mechanisms (as stated above, they were not further classified).
Molecular data were reported by: Italy with 5 isolates CTX‐M and one isolate SHV; Sweden: 3 isolates CTX‐M‐1.